Memory Flashcards
Sensory Register Features
Coding: sense (modality) specific
Capacity: Found to be very large. (Sperling (1960)
Duration: Iconic traces last up to 250 milliseconds. (Sperling 1960)
STM Features
Coding: Acoustic Preference
Capacity: 5-9 items. (Miller’s magic number)
Duration: 18-30s (Peterson + Peterson)
LTM Features
Coding: Semantic Preference
Capacity: Infinite - but untestable
Duration: Lifetime with cues
Peterson + Peterson study
Duration of STM
- Read nonsense trigram
- Count back in 3s as distraction
- This time period was calleds retention interval and varied from 3-30s, was used to stop rehearsal of trigrams.
- participants had to recall trigram.
90% = 3s
10% = 18s
0% = 30s
Multi-store model of memory
Sensory Regisiter:
Environmentsl Input
Acts as filer
Infomation lost when no attention
STM:
Rehearsal loop to prevent decay + displacement
Conscious
LTM:
Storage
Retrieval failure
Interference
Multi-store model of memory AO3
Challenging Evidence:
KF - motoebike accident, brain injury
Supporting Evidence:
Clive Wearing
I+D:
Experimental reductionism - reducing memory to isolsted variables undermines the complexity of human memory and does not provide us with a comprehensive understanding.
Case study of KF
Motorbike accident - brain injury
Challenges MSM
Reduced capacity in STM was only for verbal items, visual and acoustic were fine. Suggesting that one unitary store for all STMs is oversimplifying.
Case study of Clive Wearing
Herpes virus - temportal lobes - no LTM.
Support MSM
Only damages LTM. Sensory and STM were fine. Suggest that different types of memory are in different locations in the brain. Supports idea of seperate stores.
Working Memory Model
Sensory Register
Central Executive
Phonological loop:
Articulatory Process
Phonological store
Episodic Buffer
Visio-spatial Sketchpad:
Visual cache
Inner scribe
LTM
Central Executive
Allocates resources dependent on cognitive demands.
Restricts conscious awareness to 2 items - one from each subsystem.
Filter.
Phonological Loop
Temporay acoustic storage system.
Articulatory process holds words for subvocal repetition to prevent decay.
Phonological store represents auditory infomation - pitch + loudness.
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
Rehearses visual + spatial information
Visual cache stores visual information - colour
Inner scribe stores infomation on spatial relationships - arrangement of objects.
Episodic Buffer
Sends info to LTM
Binds together information from different sources.
Recall from LTM.
WMM AO3
Challenging + Supporting Evidence:
Physiological Evidence from PET brain scans
Supporting Evidence:
Case study of KF
I+D:
Experiementally Reductionist - reducing memory to isolsted variables undermines the complexity of human memory and does not provide a comprehensive understanding.
Physiological Evidence from brain scans for ~WMM
Support existence of seperate subsystem visuo-spatial sketchpad. Showed participants had more difficultly doing two verbal tasks than doing both a visual and verbal task. Because both visual tasks compete for same subsystem.
However, no evidence of common areas, challenging central executive + episodic buffer.