Memory Flashcards
What is the Multi-Store-Model?
An explanation of memory that sees information flowing through a series of storage systems.
What is the sensory register?
A short term duration store holding impressions of information received by the senses.
What is short term memory?
A temporary store holding small amounts of information for brief periods.
What is long term memory?
A permanent store holding limitless amounts of information for periods.
What is coding?
The means by which information is represented in memory.
What is capacity?
The amount of information that can be stored at a given time.
What is duration?
The length of time information remains within storage.
What is the working memory model?
An explanation that sees short-term memory as an active store holding several pieces of information simultaneously.
What is the central executive?
A component of the WMM that oversees and co-ordinates the components of working memory.
What is the phonological loop.
Component of the WMM that deals with auditory information.
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
A component of the WMM that deals with visual information and the physical relationship of items.
What is the Eposidic Buffer/.
A component of the WMM that serves as a temporary store of integrated information from the central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and LTM.
What is episodic LTM?
A form of LTM for events occurring in an individual’s life.
What is semantic LTM?
Type of LTM for meanings understandings and other concept based knowledge.
What is procedural LTM?
Type of LTM for the performance of a particular type of actions.
What are the different explanations for forgetting?
- Retrieval Failure
- Interference Theory
What is retrieval failure?
An explanation for forgetting when material is stored in the LTM but cannot be consciously recalled as a result of lack of retrieval cues to jog the memory.
What is interference theory?
An explanation for forgetting when similar material is confused in recall from the LTM.
What is proactive interference?
A form of interference that occurs when past information inhibit a individuals ability to recall new information.
What is retroactive interference?
A form of interference that occurs when newly learned information interferes with the recall of old information previously learnt.
What is cue dependent forgetting?
A type of forgetting based upon a failure to retrieve the prompts that trigger recall.
What is context dependent failure?
A form of CDF where recall occurs in different external setting to coding.
What is state dependent failure?
A form of CDF where recall occurs in a different internal setting to coding.
What is repression?
A type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished to the unconscious mind to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
What is repression?
A type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished to the unconscious mind to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
What is eye witness testimony?
Evidence was provided by those recalling an event who were present when the event took place.
What is a schema in relation to EWT?
The readiness to interpret sensory information in pre-set manner.
What are the factors that affect EWT?
Misleading information- information that suggests a desired response
Post-evet discussion- information added to memory after the event has occurred.
Anxiety- an unpleasant state of emotional arousal
How can EWT be improved?
Cognitive interview- a procedure for police questioning of witnesses that promotes accurate detailed recall of events
Enhanced cognitive interview- an advanced method of questioning that overcomes problems caused by inappropriate sequence of questiobs
What are the key features of the cognitive interview?
- Change of narrative order
- Change in perspective
- Mental reinstatement of context
- Report everything
What are the extra features of the ECI?
- the interviewer not distracting the witness with unnecessary interruptions
- the witness controlling the flow of information
- asking open-ended questions
- participants being reminded not to guess and use ‘dont know’
- reducing anxiety
- getting witness to speak slowly
What is the modified cognitive interview?
An amended form of CI suitable for use with children
