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Psychology Paper 1 Content > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an attachment bond?

A

An enduring two-way emotional tie to a specific other person, normally between a parent and child.

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2
Q

What is interactional synchrony?

A

The coordinated rhythmic exchanges between carer and infant.-Infants move their bodies in tune with the rhythm of carers spoken language to create a kind of turning-taking as seen with two-way vocal conversations with reinforce the attachment bond.

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3
Q

What is Reciprocity?

A

The interaction of similar behaviour patterns between the carer and infant which results in mutual behaviour with both parties being able to produce responses from each other.

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4
Q

What is Bodily contact?

A

Physical interactions between carer and infant help to form the attachment bond, especially in the period after birth.

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5
Q

What is Mimicking?

A

Infants seem to have an innate ability to imitate carers’ facial expression.

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6
Q

What is Caregiverese?

A

Interaction with infants use a modified form of vocal language that is high pitched, song like in nature, slow and repetitive.

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7
Q

What are the stages of attachement?

A

Pre-attachment phase.( birth to 3month)
Indiscriminate Attachment phase. (3 to 7/8 month)
Discriminate attachment phase(7/8mont +)
Multiple attachment stage(9 month+)

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8
Q

What is the pre-attachment phase?

A

Infants become attracted to other humans preferring them to objects and events-demonstrated by smiling at peoples faces.

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9
Q

What is indiscriminate attachment?

A

Infants begin to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people, smiling more at known people though they will still allow strangers to handle them.

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10
Q

What is the discriminate phase?

A

Infants begin to develop specific attachments staying close to particular people and becoming distressed when separated from them. They avoid unfamiliar people and protest if strangers try to handle them.

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11
Q

What is the multiple attachment stage/

A

Infants form strong emotional ties with other major, caregivers, like grandparents and non-caregivers, like other children. Their fear of strangers weakens, but attachment to over the mother figure remains strongest.

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12
Q

What affects the role of the father in attachment?

A

Degree of Sensitivity
Type of attachment with own parents
Martial Intimacy
Supportive co-parenting

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13
Q

What is degree of sensitivity?

A

More secure attachments to their children are found in fathers who show more sensitivity to children’s needs.

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14
Q

What is type of attachment with own parents?

A

Single parent fathers tend to form similar attachments with their children that they had with their own parents.

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15
Q

What is marital intimacy?

A

The degree of intimacy a father has within his relationship with his partner affect the type of attachment he will have with his children.

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16
Q

What is supportive co-parenting?

A

The amount of support the father gives to his partner in helping to care for children affects the type of attachment he will have with his children.

17
Q

What is imprinting?

A

A form of attachment where offspring follow the first large moving object.

18
Q

What is sensitive period?

A

The best time period within which attachments can form, though they still can form with more difficulty outside this period.

19
Q

What is the learning theory as an explanation for attachment?

A

The belief that attachments develop through conditioning processes.

20
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Occurs when a response produced naturally by a certain stimulus, becomes associated with another stimulus that is not normally associated with that particular response.

21
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Learning occurs via reinforcement of behaviour thus increasing the chance of the behaviour occuring again.

22
Q

What is the cupboard love theory?

A

The belief that attachment are formed with people who feed infants.

23
Q

What is Bowbly’s monotropic theory?

A

The idea that infants have an inbuilt tendency to make an initial attachment with one attachment figure, usually the mother.

24
Q

What are social releaser?

A

Innate, infant social behaviour that stimulates adult interaction and caregiving.

24
Q

What are social releaser?

A

Innate, infant social behaviour that stimulates adult interaction and caregiving

25
Q

What is the critical period?

A

A specific time period within an attachment must form.

26
Q

What are examples of social releaser?

A

Crying
looking, smiling and vocalising
following and clinging

27
Q

What is the internal working model?

A

A cognitive framework used to understanding the world self and others, that acts as a template for future relationships based on an infants’s primary attachment.

28
Q

What is Monotropy?

A

An innate tendency to become attached to one particular adult.

29
Q

What was Ainsworth Strange Situation?

A

The accepted observational testing method for measuring attachment types.

30
Q

What are the types of attachment?

A

Type A: Insecure-avoidant
Type B: Securely Attached
Type C: Insecure- Resistant

31
Q

What is insecure-avoidant?

A

Infants are willing to explore, have low stranger anxiety, are unconcerned by separation and avoid contact at the caregivers return.

32
Q

What is Securely attached?

A

Infants are keen to explore, have high stranger anxiety, are easy to calm and are enthusiastic at the return of their carer.

33
Q

What is Insecure-resisting?

A

Infants are unwilling to explore, have high stranger anxiety, are upset by separation, and seek and reject contact at the return of their caregiver.

34
Q

What are cultural variations in relation to attachment?

A

Differences in child-rearing practises and attachment types between different cultural groupings.

35
Q

What is Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis?

A

An explanation of what happens when attachment bonds are broken.

36
Q

How can disruptive processes occur?

A

Short term separation-short term disruption of an attachment bond

Deprivation- long-term disruption of an attachment bond

Privation-never having formed an attachment bond

37
Q

What is institutionalisation?

A

Concerns the effects upon attachments of care provided by or residentials children’s homes.

38
Q

What is the continuity hypothesis?

A

The idea that there is consistency between emotional experiences and later relationships.

Psychology Paper 1 Content (4 decks)

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