Memory Flashcards
What can prefrontal cortex damage do?
It can cause difficulties with memory control
What does the Dorsolateral PFC do?
Organises encoding, and executive functions like information updating
What does the ventrolateral PFC do?
Semantic encoding and semantic control functions
What does activating the DLPFC during encoding do?
It is associated with greater organisation of later recall by meaning (semantic clustering)
What is meant by a ‘critical period’ in visual development?
A period in development when perceptual systems are sensitive to environmental stimuli, and not receiving that input has a lifelong impact on perception
Emmert’s states that
Perceived size is proportional to retinal image scaled by perceived distance
Simple cells are
Located in V1 and have receptive fields sensitive to lines of particular orientation
The spectral sensitivities of human colour receptors are argued to have evolved to
Optimally represent the variation in colour of blood flow and diets of our ancestors
The cocktail party phenomenon refers to the ability to
Focus attention on a single source
Working memory interacts with Moray’s ‘own name breakthrough’ effect such that individuals with
High working memory capacity are less likely to notice their own name in an unattended channel
Examples of selective attention include
Reporting the colour of ink in which a colour name is written (strop effect) and ignorance of irrelevant message in dichotomy listening experiment
Covert attention refers to
A shift of attention in the absence of an eye movement
During a very perceptually demanding task people are
Less vulnerable to distraction and more vulnerable to inattentional bias
List examples of early selection
Being able to focus on a conversation in a noisy room, not noticing the doorbell ringing whilst playing a game, response competition flanker interference being eliminated during a task with high perceptual load
Why is distraction from mind wandering more difficult to study using fMRI?
Because mind wandering occurs in other tasks
All stop consonants are characterised by
A temporary interruption of the airflow in the vocal tract
Which of the following are computational models of speech perception?
TRACE model
The uniqueness point of a spoken word refers to
The moment that information in the speech signal matched one single word in the lexicon
What are features of the TRACE model of speech perception?
Top-down processing, bottom-up processing, within-layer inhibitory processing
In order to remain information over weeks and months the best approach is to
Test your memory
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated when ?
During semantic processing
Memory scheme can
Help people learn new information, are associated with memory distortion and can activate the medical prefrontal cortex
Neural reinstatement refers to
Similar neural activation patterns when encoding and retrieving a memory
Golden & Baddeley’s (1975) study of divers illustrated
Encoding specificity
The Deese-Roediger-Dermott memory illusion
Involves critical lures
Recollection, like familiarity, is characteristically associated with
Retrieval of contextual detail
What can pose a problem for the prototype theory?
Conceptual combinations, ad-hoc concepts and mathematical concepts
Feature theories and network theories are
Two psychological versions of the classical view of concepts
Who did not accept the traditional view of the relation between language and thought
Sapir
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis claims that there is
Linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism
Vygotsky proposed that
In the first developmental stage, speech is an imitation of sounds
In relation to speech sounds
If you change one phoneme in a word you will earthed get something that isn’t a word or a word with a different meaning
A problem can be decomposed into
Sub-goals
Knoblich et al (argued that people struggled to solve matchstick algebra problems whose solution involves discovering a tautology
The scope of knowledge constraint imposed by typical mathematical functions is large
What phenomena is not associated with insight problem-solving?
Representativeness
