memory

Question 1

multi store model of memory

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

What did the multi store model propose

Answer 2

that memory consisted of three stores: sensory register, stm, and ltm

Question 3

sensory memory

Answer 3

the information you get from your senses, when attention is paid to something in the environment it is then converted to stm

Question 4

information from the stm is transferred to ltm memory if

Answer 4

the information is rehearsed (repeated)

Question 5

if maintenance rehearsal does not occur then

Answer 5

information is forgotten, and lost from stm through the processes of displacement or decay

Question 6

encoding

Answer 6

the way information is changed so that it can be stored in the memory

Question 7

three main ways in which information can be encoded

Answer 7

visual (picture), acoustic (sound), semantic (meaning)

Question 8

capacity

Answer 8

concerns how much information can be stored

Question 9

duration

Answer 9

refers to the period of time information can last in the memory stores

Question 10

sensory register duration

Answer 10

1/4 to 1/2 second

Question 11

sensory register capacity

Answer 11

all sensory experience

Question 12

sensory experience encoding

Answer 12

sense specific (e.g. different stores for each sense)

Question 13

stm duration

Answer 13

0-18 seconds

Question 14

stm capacity

Answer 14

7+/-2 chunks

Question 15

stm encoding

Answer 15

mainly acoustic

Question 16

duration ltm

Answer 16

unlimited

Question 17

ltm capacity

Answer 17

unlimited

Question 18

ltm encoding

Answer 18

mainly semantic (but can be visual and acoustic)

Question 19

strength of the multi store model

Answer 19

gives us a good understanding of the structure and process of the stm and allows researchers to expand and do experiments to make the model more valid and prove what the stores actually do

Question 20

model real world application

Answer 20

patient H.M case study - problems in ltm after brain surgery, can remember little personal or public events but his stm remains intact

Question 21

research study for stm and ltm

Answer 21

glanzer and cunitz

Question 22

glanzer and cunitz

Answer 22

showed that when participants are presented with a list of words, they tend to remember the first and last few, which supports the existence of seperate ltm and stm stores

Question 23

types of ltm

Answer 23

procedural, semantic, episodic

Question 24

procedural memory

Answer 24

part of the implicit ltm responsible for knowing how to do things i.e. memory or motor skills, it does not involve conscius thought and is not declarative

Question 25

semantic memory

Answer 25

part of the ltm responsible for storing information about the world, including knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge

Question 26

episodic memory

Answer 26

part of the ltm responsible for storing information about events that we have experienced in our lives, it involved thought and is declarative

Question 27

working memory model

Answer 27

baddeley and hitch 1974

Question 28

what does the working memory model suggest

Answer 28

a system involving active processing and short-term storage of information, including the cenreal executive, the phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad

Question 29

central executive

Answer 29

has a supervisory function and acts as a filter, determining which information is attended to, it can process information in all sensory forms, idrects information to other slave systems and collects responses

Question 30

phonological loop

Answer 30

a temporary storage system for holding auditory information in a speech based form, playing a key role in the development of reading

Question 31

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 31

a temporary memory system for holding visual and spatial information

Question 32

episodic buffer

Answer 32

acts as a ‘backup’ store for information which communicates with both ltm and the slave system components of working memory

Question 33

support for working memory model

Answer 33

dual task studies, it is easier to do two tasks at the same time if they use different processing systems (verbal and visual) than if they use the same slave system

Question 34

case study supporting working memory model

Answer 34

KF suffered brain damage from a motorcycle accident that damaged his stm, his impairment was mainly for verbal information and his memory for visual was largely unaffected, showing that there are seperate stm components for visual and verbal information

Question 35

explanations for forgetting

Answer 35

interference and retrieval failure

Question 36

interference

Answer 36

proactive interference