Memory Flashcards
LTP is seen at what type of synapse?
Glutamatergic synapses.
How is memory stored?
Through a network of neurons and through a change in the synaptic function.
How many phases are there in LTP?
3
Which 3 things will happen for LTM (Late phase)?
Gene transcription
Protein synthesis
Morphological changes
What does neurotrophin do?
Regulates neuron survival and differentiation as well as the structure and function of neural circuits.
- activity dependent
- receptors coexpressed with glutamate receptors
- from glutamatergic neurons
- highest expression levels in hippocampus
BDNF (in the case of Huntington’s in mice) can….?
Save the neurons by acting as a supplement for neuronal survival.
How does BDNF affect the production of protein?
It increases protein production by reducing miRNA levels and the increase in protein production is involved in learning and memory.
How does miRNA effect protein synthesis?
It promotes mRNA degradation and translational inhibition.
How does exercise effect learning and memory?
It increases the level of BDNF produced, so increased neurogenesis and LTP and thus increased learning and memory.
In alzheimer’s disease, what are formed from an abnormal protein deposit called amyloid?
Senile Plaques
What are neurofibrillary tangles?
Collection of intraneuronal cytoskeletal filaments
In transgenic mice, what does BDNF do?
Improves performance in water maze and increases synaptophysin expression in hippocampus.
When is c-fos expressed?
In active neurons during memory formation.
What happens when the channelrhodopsin is stimulated with blue light?
The channel opens and there is Na+ influx.
What are the 3 sub headings of non-declarative memory?
Procedural (striatum), Motor (cerebellum) and Emotional (amygdala)
Where is declarative memory stored?
In the medial temporal lobe of the diencephalon
Where are memories stored?
In the ENGRAM: Physical embodiment of neuronal machinery -> Consolidation (change in synaptic connections)
In the delayed matching/non matching paradigms, what is important?
The perihinal region.
LTM is stored where?
Distributed throughout cortex.
Non-declarative memory is stored HOW?
Via conditional learning.
What is operant conditioning?
altering probability of response with reward/punishment.
What type of memory has a large capacity but only lasts for a few seconds?
Immediate memory.
Define retrograde amnesia.
Cannot remember anything prior the trauma occurring.
Define anterograde amnesia.
Cannot form new memories post-trauma.
What does the perirhinal cortex do?
It’s involved in both visual perception and memory and it facilitates the recognition and identification of environmental stimuli.
In the delayed matching and non-matching task, which part of the brain is important?
Perirhinal cortex.
Where is short term memory stored?
Hippocampus (Declarative)
Not known for non-declarative.
