Memory Flashcards
Encoding
getting info into our brain
storage
retaining encoded information
retreival
getting stored info back out
sensory memory
memory of the 5 external senses .5-4 seconds
short term memory
current, conscious awareness 10-30 seconds
working memory
all of the components in visual working simultaneously
long term memory
relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory
selective attention
giving full attention to a stimulus
divided attention
splitting attention between 2 or more stimuli
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of info
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
maintenance rehearsal
repeating an item to maintain in STM and subsequently forget
elaborative rehearsal
relating items to memories already in LTM
massed practice
cramming
distributed practice
learning where practice is broken up into short sessions over a longer period of time
primacy effect
remembering what came first
serial position effect
our tendency to recall the first and last items in a list but not the middle
recency effect
remembering what came last
structural/visual
encoding only the physical qualities of something
phenomic/acoustic
encoding what the word sounds like
semantic encoding
apply meaning to a new word
self reference
relating new info to ourselves or our own expreiences
shallow processing
structual/ visual
phenomic/acoustic
deep processing
semantic
self reference
interleaving
mixing different topics or forms of practice in order to facilitate learning
imagery
mental pictures
chunking
distributed practice
rhyming
using rhyming to remember
method of loci
uses visualizations with spatial memory, familiar to info about one’s environment to quickly recall info
iconic memory
visual
fraction of a second
haptic memory
tactile
2 secs
echoic memory
sound
2-4 secs
flashbulb memories
vivid memories
emotional
long term potentiation
every time a memory is consolidated
LTM in
hippocampus
LTM stored in
temporal lobe
epsiodic
recall of personal experiences or events in one’s life
sematic
factual recollection
procedural memories
how-to memories
prospective memory
remembering to do something later
retrospective memory
memories of past events
recall
mental process of retreival of info from the past
recognition
ability to recognize previously encountered events objects or people
conetxt dependent memory
best remember things in same time/place you learned them
state dependent memory
best remember if you’re in the same level of consciousness
mood congruent memory
best remember if in the same mood
encoding failure
dont remember what you dont pay attention to
storage decay
theory that LTM fade away after time
tip of the tongue phenomenon
when you are about to retrieve something but it is not fully retreived
proactive interference
old info blocks recall of new, similar info
retroactive interference
new info blocks recall of old info
elizabeth loftus
misinformation effect
misinformation effect
she changed the wording of the question to change their memory of the event
constructive memory
notion that we use a variety of info to fill in missing gaps of episodic memories and accuracy of episodic memories and accuracy of episodic may be affected
source misattribution
cant remember where you learned something
source/reality monitoring
mental test to determine if a memory is real
infantile amnesia
inability of adults to retrieve episodic memory before 5/kindergarten
retrograde amnesia
loss of memories of events that occurred before the onset of amnesia
