Cognitive psychology

Question 1

Concept

Answer 1

Mental groupings of similar objects events and people

Question 2

Semantic network

Answer 2

Representation of memory that describes the organization of declarative facts and knowledge in the mind

Question 3

Analogies

Answer 3

Linguistic comparison of 2 objects that emphasizes similarities

Question 4

Prototypes

Answer 4

A mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category

Question 5

Metacognition

Answer 5

Knowledge about when and how to use strategies for learning or problem solving

Question 6

Algorithm

Answer 6

When the same formula is used until a solution is found

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

Solves problems using mental shortcuts or rules of thimb

Question 8

Deductive reasoning

Answer 8

From general claim to specific conclusion

Question 9

Inductive reasoning

Answer 9

From specific conclusion to general claim

Question 10

Syllogistic reasoning

Answer 10

Logical argument arriving at a conclusion based on two+ propositions

Question 11

Means end analysis

Answer 11

obtaining mini goals within a larger goal to better analyze progress

Question 12

Confirmation bias

Answer 12

Tendency to seek out info that confirms already held beliefs

Question 13

Hindsight bias

Answer 13

Tendency upon learning an outcome to overestimate ability to have foreseen circumstances

Question 14

Overconfidence

Answer 14

Tendency to overestimate accuracy or our knowlegde

Question 15

Belief bias

Answer 15

Person is more likely to accept an argument that aligns with their values while reflecting other arguments

Question 16

Belief perseverance

Answer 16

We hold a certain belief, belief is proven wrong, we continue to hold belief

Question 17

Mental set

Answer 17

Predisposition to think a certain way and approach problems with what has worked in past

Question 18

Functional fixedness

Answer 18

Tendency to think of things only in terms of intended functions

Question 19

Representative heuristic

Answer 19

Judging likelihood of things by how well they represent stereotypes

Question 20

Availability heuristic

Answer 20

When we base our judgements on how mentally available info is

Question 21

Anchoring effect

Answer 21

Tendency to rely too heavily on first piece of info acquired when decision making

Question 22

Gamblers fallacy

Answer 22

Belief that odds of a streak continuing have gone down

Question 23

Sink coast fallacy

Answer 23

When we continue a behavior because of previously invested resources even if it’s not their best interest