Memory

Question 1

encoding

Answer 1

converting info to a useable form

Question 2

storage

Answer 2

retaining encoded info in memory

Question 3

retrieval

Answer 3

info recovered from memory when needed

Question 4

sematic

Answer 4

facts and knowledge of the world (not including time and place)

Question 5

episodic

Answer 5

episodes of one’s life, events, including details of time and place

Question 6

procedural memory

Answer 6

motor skills and actions (how to do something)

Question 7

classically conditioned memory

Answer 7

flinching to loud noises, fear of spiders

Question 8

recall

Answer 8

being asked to reproduce previously learned info with retrieval cues or without

Question 9

free recall

Answer 9

asked to remember as much info as possible in no particular order
eg. shopping list

Question 10

serial recall

Answer 10

asked to recall info in a particular order.
eg, names of cities

Question 11

cued recall

Answer 11

given a prompt or cue to assist in the retrieval of info.
eg. name the characters in Malala - first letter of each are…..

Question 12

recognition

Answer 12

correctly identifying previously learned info from a set of alternatives.
can retrieve more this way as it provides more cues from retrieving from long term memory
eg. multiple choice questions

Question 13

relearning

Answer 13

involves learning info again that has been previously learned and stored in long term memory. This can help to relearn it more quickly

Question 14

saving score

Answer 14

calculating the amount of info retained in memory from the original learning

Question 15

amnesia

Answer 15

• loss of memory for info or events after trauma occurs
• cannot form and store new explicit LTM
• cannot transfer info from STM to LTM
• can retrieve implicit memory, STM and old memories

Question 16

Alzheimer

Answer 16

• neurodegenerative disease
• brain size decreases
• neuron death in the hippocampus
• explicit LTM primarily impaired
• lose past memories and struggle to form new ones

Question 17

brain surgery

Answer 17

• involves removal surgically of brain structures
• degree of impairment will depend on the area effected, the extent and damage

Question 18

Hippocampus

Answer 18

cannot consolidate explicit LTM and transfer to the cerebral cortex for storage

Question 19

cerebral cortex

Answer 19

results in loss of info that is stored in the brain area removed

Question 20

amygdala

Answer 20

emotional memory affected, unable to acquire a conditioned fear response

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

cannot learn motor responses involving simple reflexes, problems with spatial abilities

Question 22

retrieval cue

Answer 22

• any stimulus that assists he process of locating and recovering info stored in LTM
• memories can be temporarily inaccessible, not forgotten

Question 22

retrieval cue

Answer 22

• any stimulus that assists he process of locating and recovering info stored in LTM
• memories can be temporarily inaccessible, not forgotten

Question 23

context dependent cue

Answer 23

• retrieval can be enhanced if the conditions under which the info was originally learned is recreated
• environmental cues - particular setting where memory was formed that acts as retrieval cue
• same context where individual learned it

Question 24

state dependent cue

Answer 24

• internal cues that are related to an experience which can trigger the retrieval of associated memories
• more likely to remember if in the same state as when learned

Question 25

rehersal

Answer 25

process of consciously manipulating info to keep it in STM, to transfer it to LTM

Question 26

Maintenance rehersal

Answer 26

• involves simple repetition of info being remembered.
• Info in the STM longer.
• does not always lead to long term retention

Question 27

Elaborative rehersal

Answer 27

• involves process of linking new info in meaningful way with info already stored
• more affective and active
  makes info more likely to be encoded into elaborative rehersal