Memory

Question 1

Glazer and Cunitz (1966) (P&F)

Answer 1

• STM & LTM
• Participants were presented with lists of words
• They tended to remember the first and last few words
• Primacy effect related to the LTM
• Recency effect related to the STM

Question 2

Glazer and Cunitz (1966) (E)

Answer 2

• Standardised procedure
• Lack of ecological validity
• Cultures teach different ways to remember things (one culture tested)

Question 3

Baddeley and Hitch (1976) (P&F)

Answer 3

• Use of the working memory
• Participants take part in a dual task
• One task was a digit span task
• The other task was verbal reasoning of true and false questions.
• As the number of digits increased their speed to complete the questions take took longer but only marginally.
• There weren’t more errors in the verbal reasoning task as the digits increased.
• The central executive was used for the verbal task
• The phonological loop was used for the digit span task.

Question 4

Baddeley and Hitch (1976) Evaluation

Answer 4

• KF Case study supports WMM, brain damage effected verbal (pl) not visual information (vss)
• Lieberman (1980) vss implies all spatial info is verbal but blind people have great spatial awareness
• No clear evidence for the functioning of the central executive
• Only accounts for short term memory

Question 5

Loftus and Palmer (1974) (P&F)

Answer 5

• Eyewitness Testimony
• Laboratory & independent measures
• 45 American students
• Students observed a car crash
• They estimated the speed of the collision
• The experimenters changed the verb used to describe the crash from “contacted” to “smashed”
• The more extreme verbs had higher predictions of the speeds

Question 6

Loftus and Palmer (1974) Evaluation

Answer 6

• Lack of ecological validity and mundane realism
• Lack of population Validity
• Easy to replicate
• Standardised procedure