Memory

Question 1

define memory

Answer 1

The process by which we take something we observed and convert it into a form we can store, retrieve and use

Question 2

characteristics of sensory memory

encoding format, capacity and duration

Answer 2

received through senses
large 25+stimuli
brief only 2 seconds

Question 3

characteristics of short-term memory

encoding format, capacity and duration

Answer 3

visual, auditory and semantics
short periods
if rehearsed can be maintained

Question 4

characteristics of long-term memory

encoding format, capacity and duration

Answer 4

Representation of fact, images, actions and skills
Theoretically limitless
Persist over a lifetime

Question 5

define sensory memory

Answer 5

holds information from perceived stimulus for a second before stimulus disappears

Question 6

what is the effect called where participants learn a list of words that vary in length and found that the middle words weren’t being remembered as well as the first and last words?

Answer 6

the seriel position effect (Rundus and Murdock)

Question 7

define recency effect

Answer 7

better recall of words at the end

Question 8

define primacy effect

Answer 8

better recall of words at the beginning

Question 9

Semantic network theory

Answer 9

the LTM is stored by interconnected ideas that are based on meaning and relationships that have been learned through experince

EXAMPLE: APPLE; RED; TREE; ROUND

Question 10

shallow processing (2. forms)

Answer 10

1. structural - only encoding physical qualities

2. phoneme - encoding sound

Question 11

deep processing (semantic enoding)

Answer 11

encode a meaning of a word and relate it to similar words

elaboration and rehearsal

Question 12

deep processing (semantic encoding)

Answer 12

encode a meaning of a word and relate it to similar words

Question 13

enriching encoding (3)

Answer 13

1. elaboration
2. visual imagery
3. self-referent coding - how the info is personally relevant

Question 14

whats the memory useful for (3)

Answer 14

• solve problems
• respond to enviro demands
• achieve

Question 15

forgetting - transcience

Answer 15

memories fade with time

Question 16

how accurate is the LTM

Answer 16

subjected to errors + bias

can be primed with emotional factors

Question 17

what theory is where fading neural trace is weakend with disuse

Answer 17

decay theory

Question 18

what theory is where there is a conflict between new and old memories

Answer 18

interference theory

Question 19

what is the theory where we forget purposefully to avoid painful memories

Answer 19

Motivated forgetting