Memory 1 (CH. 6&7) Flashcards
What is Memory?
Using what you used to see, so it still uses the visual system as a mental function
What are the Memory Systems?
Working memory and long-term memory
What is Working Memory?
A memory system that allows for short-term retention AND active manipulation of information. It is fluid or dynamic; it is NOT static
What is Long-Term Memory?
The storage system in which we hold all of our knowledge and all of our memories. Contains memories that are not currently activated; those that are activated are represented in working memory
What are the Types of Long-Term Memory?
Declarative (explicit) memory and non-declarative (implicit) memory
What are the Types of Declarative (Explicit) Memory
Episodic memory and semantic memory
What are the Types of Non-Declarative (Implicit) Memory
Procedural memory and priming (perceptual representation system)
What is Declarative (Explicit) Memory?
Some of our working memories are consciously accessible to us (belongs to long-term memory)
What is Non-Declarative (Implicit) Memory?
Refers to our ability to use non-conscious memory abilities
What is Procedural Memory (In Non-Declarative Memory)?
How we remember how to do learned motor actions without having to think about them
What is Priming (In Non-Declarative Memory)?
The introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus (e.g., how we remember the letters of the alphabet)
What is Semantic Memory?
Information in semantic memory is thought to be organized in a network with related concepts near each other. Allows you to retrieve general information and facts. The reason as to why we are able to take related ideas and connect them together
What is Episodic Memory?
Refers to memories that we experience. When we remember a moment in time with a place. Ties sensory memory and semantic memory together. Motor and emotional memories are also tied in by episodic memory.
What is Sensory Memory?
A form of memory that holds on to just-seen or just-heard input in a “raw” sensory form
What is “Iconic” Memory?
- A type of sensory memory
- Large capacity
- Brief duration
What is Acquisition?
The process of placing new information into long-term memory
What is Storage?
The state in which a memory, once acquired, remains until it is retrieved
What is Retrieval?
The process of locating information in memory and activating that information for use
Working Memory Capacity (WMC)
According to Engle (1999), WMC is not really about storage or memory per se, but about the capacity for controlled, sustained attention in the face of interference or distraction
What is the Primacy Effect?
Rehearsal of first few items results in transfer to LTM
What is Recency Effect?
“Dumping out” of information in WM
The Modal Model of Memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)
Sensory input –> Sensory Memory –> Short-term memory –> Long-term memory