Memory 1 Flashcards
how does Colman (2015) identify memory?
the psychological function of preserving information, involving the processes of encoding, storage and retrieval
what is encoding?
converting information into a different form or representation
what is storage?
the act or process of storing anything for subsequant retrieval
what is retrieval?
recovering encoded information from storage in memory and bringing it into consciousness
capacity and duration of STM?
cap - few items
duration - few seconds
capacity and duration of LTM?
cap - essentially unlimited
duration - up to several decades
what are the different memory models?
multi store models and unitary models
outline Atkinson and Shiffrin’s 1968 multi store model of memory
info -> memory stores -> short term stores -> long term stores
- attention, decay, rehearsal, displacement, inteference
what are the two parts of the sensory stores in A&S MSMM (1968)?
iconic and echoic memory
what is iconic memory?
visual information (250-1000ms)
what is echoic memory?
auditory information (2-3s)
Spiers et al. (2001) - amnesic patients have what type of STM and LTM?
intact STM, impaired LTM
Shallice & Warrington (1970) - opposite or same findings as Spiers et al. (2001)?
opposite - Intact LTM, impaired STM
when was the working memory model provided?
1974
what are the parts of the working memory model?
central executive <-> episodic buffer <-> episodic LTM
visual semantics <-> visuospatial sketchpad <-> episodic buffer
language <-> phonological loop <-> episodic buffer
Loggie (1995) found what in the visuospatial sketchpad?
- visual cache - stores info about visual form and colour
- inner scribe - deals w spatial and movement information
Zimmer (2008) in a literature review found visual processing and spatial processing activated which brain areas?
visual - occipital and temporal lobes
spatial - parietal cortex
outline the phonological loop
speech based info is processed and stored briefly
subvocal articulation occurs
what are the two subcomponents of the phonological loop?
phonological store - speech perception
articulatory process - linked to speech production giving access to phon. store
what is the phonological similarity effect?
immediate serial recall of verbal material being reduced when the items sound similar
