Memory 1

Question 1

how does Colman (2015) identify memory?

Answer 1

the psychological function of preserving information, involving the processes of encoding, storage and retrieval

Question 2

what is encoding?

Answer 2

converting information into a different form or representation

Question 3

what is storage?

Answer 3

the act or process of storing anything for subsequant retrieval

Question 4

what is retrieval?

Answer 4

recovering encoded information from storage in memory and bringing it into consciousness

Question 5

capacity and duration of STM?

Answer 5

cap - few items
duration - few seconds

Question 6

capacity and duration of LTM?

Answer 6

cap - essentially unlimited
duration - up to several decades

Question 7

what are the different memory models?

Answer 7

multi store models and unitary models

Question 8

outline Atkinson and Shiffrin’s 1968 multi store model of memory

Answer 8

info -> memory stores -> short term stores -> long term stores
- attention, decay, rehearsal, displacement, inteference

Question 9

what are the two parts of the sensory stores in A&S MSMM (1968)?

Answer 9

iconic and echoic memory

Question 10

what is iconic memory?

Answer 10

visual information (250-1000ms)

Question 11

what is echoic memory?

Answer 11

auditory information (2-3s)

Question 12

Spiers et al. (2001) - amnesic patients have what type of STM and LTM?

Answer 12

intact STM, impaired LTM

Question 13

Shallice & Warrington (1970) - opposite or same findings as Spiers et al. (2001)?

Answer 13

opposite - Intact LTM, impaired STM

Question 14

when was the working memory model provided?

Answer 14

1974

Question 15

what are the parts of the working memory model?

Answer 15

central executive <-> episodic buffer <-> episodic LTM
visual semantics <-> visuospatial sketchpad <-> episodic buffer
language <-> phonological loop <-> episodic buffer

Question 16

Loggie (1995) found what in the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 16

• visual cache - stores info about visual form and colour
• inner scribe - deals w spatial and movement information

Question 17

Zimmer (2008) in a literature review found visual processing and spatial processing activated which brain areas?

Answer 17

visual - occipital and temporal lobes
spatial - parietal cortex

Question 18

outline the phonological loop

Answer 18

speech based info is processed and stored briefly
subvocal articulation occurs

Question 19

what are the two subcomponents of the phonological loop?

Answer 19

phonological store - speech perception
articulatory process - linked to speech production giving access to phon. store

Question 20

what is the phonological similarity effect?

Answer 20

immediate serial recall of verbal material being reduced when the items sound similar