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MSRS 6310 > Membranes Surface Features An Layers > Flashcards

Membranes Surface Features An Layers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity?
A) Oxygenating the heart
B) Reducing friction as the heart contracts
C) Providing nutrients to the heart
D) Transmitting electrical signals in the heart

A

B) Reducing friction as the heart contracts

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2
Q

In cardiac tamponade, what happens to the volume of blood ejected from the heart over time?
A) It remains constant
B) It increases
C) It decreases
D) It becomes unpredictable

A

C) It decreases

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3
Q

Which two sulci are found between the left and right ventricles on the surface of the heart?
A) Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
B) Coronary sulcus and deep coronary sulcus
C) Auricular sulcus and ventricular sulcus
D) Superior sulcus and inferior sulcus

A

A) Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus

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4
Q

What is the unique feature of the muscle pattern in the myocardium that allows the heart to pump blood effectively?
A) Linear arrangement of muscle cells
B) Figure 8 pattern
C) Circular muscle cells
D) Cross-shaped muscle fibers

A

B) Figure 8 pattern

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5
Q

Which layer of the heart wall serves as the innermost layer and lines the chambers of the heart?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium

A

C) Endocardium

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6
Q

What is the primary function of the serous pericardium?
A) Maintaining the heart’s position
B) Protecting the heart
C) Attaching to the pericardium
D) Lubricating the pericardial cavity

A
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7
Q

What is the membrane that directly surrounds the heart and defines the pericardial cavity called?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Endocardium

A

C) Pericardium

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8
Q

What is the outer layer of the pericardium made of?
A) Simple squamous epithelium
B) Tough, dense connective tissue
C) Smooth muscle tissue
D) Adipose tissue

A

B) Tough, dense connective tissue

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9
Q

Which part of the pericardium is fused to the heart and is part of the heart wall?
A) Fibrous pericardium
B) Parietal pericardium
C) Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
D) Pericardial cavity

A

C) Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

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10
Q

What is the function of the serous fluid within the pericardial cavity?
A) To maintain heart temperature
B) To provide nutrients to the heart
C) To reduce friction as the heart contracts
D) To maintain the position of the heart in the thorax

A

C) To reduce friction as the heart contracts

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11
Q

What type of tissue makes up the mesothelium of the epicardium?
A) Dense regular connective tissue
B) Simple squamous epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Adipose tissue

A

B) Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What reinforces the mesothelium of the epicardium?
A) Dense connective tissue
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Loose, irregular connective tissue
D) Elastic cartilage

A

C) Loose, irregular connective tissue

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13
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity located?
A) Between the epicardium and myocardium
B) Between the epicardium and the pericardium
C) Between the fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium
D) Inside the heart chambers

A

B) Between the epicardium and the pericardium

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14
Q

Which layer of the heart is part of the serous pericardium?
A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Fibrous pericardium

A

C) Epicardium

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15
Q

Which layer of the pericardium is fused to the fibrous pericardium?
A) Visceral pericardium
B) Parietal pericardium
C) Epicardium
D) Endocardium

A

B) Parietal pericardium

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16
Q

What is the condition called when excess fluid builds up in the pericardial cavity and puts pressure on the heart?
A) Myocardial infarction
B) Cardiac tamponade
C) Pericarditis
D) Cardiomyopathy

A

B) Cardiac tamponade

17
Q

What effect does excess fluid in the pericardial cavity have on the heart?
A) It increases the heart rate
B) It prevents the heart from fully relaxing
C) It causes the heart to contract more forcefully
D) It strengthens the heart walls

A

B) It prevents the heart from fully relaxing

18
Q

How does cardiac tamponade affect blood ejection from the heart?
A) It increases the amount of blood ejected
B) It reduces the amount of blood ejected
C) It has no effect on blood ejection
D) It causes irregular blood ejection

A

B) It reduces the amount of blood ejected

19
Q

What can cause the pericardial cavity to gradually expand and accommodate excess fluid?
A) Rapid trauma
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Hypertension

A

B) Hypothyroidism

20
Q

What amount of fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity, following trauma, may trigger cardiac tamponade?
A) 10 mL
B) 100 mL
C) 500 mL
D) 1 liter

A

B) 100 mL

21
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of cardiac tamponade?
A) Myocardial rupture
B) Pericarditis
C) Hypertension
D) Cardiac surgery

A

C) Hypertension

22
Q

What is required to treat cardiac tamponade?
A) Increased fluid intake
B) Insertion of drainage tubes into the pericardial cavity
C) Medication to increase heart contractions
D) Blood transfusion

A

B) Insertion of drainage tubes into the pericardial cavity

23
Q

What can happen if drainage tubes are prematurely removed following cardiac surgery?
A) The heart can become infected
B) Cardiac tamponade can occur
C) The heart will overfill with blood
D) The patient will develop high blood pressure

A

B) Cardiac tamponade can occur

24
Q

What is a possible outcome if cardiac tamponade is left untreated?
A) Hypertension
B) Stroke
C) Heart failure
D) Death

A

D) Death

25
Q

What is the name of the superficial leaf-like extension of the atria near the superior surface of the heart?
A) Auricle
B) Ventricle
C) Sulcus
D) Atrium

A

A) Auricle

26
Q

What is the primary function of the auricles?
A) Pump blood into the ventricles
B) Fill with blood and empty into the atria
C) Generate electrical signals for the heart
D) Control the flow of blood through the coronary arteries

A

B) Fill with blood and empty into the atria

27
Q

What is the term used to describe the fat-filled grooves on the surface of the heart?
A) Auricles
B) Sulci
C) Septa
D) Appendages

A

B) Sulci

28
Q

Which sulcus is located between the atria and the ventricles?
A) Coronary sulcus
B) Posterior interventricular sulcus
C) Anterior interventricular sulcus
D) Left auricular sulcus

A

A) Coronary sulcus

29
Q

Where is the anterior interventricular sulcus located?
A) Between the right and left atria
B) On the posterior surface of the heart
C) On the anterior surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles
D) At the base of the heart near the aorta

A

C) On the anterior surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles

30
Q

Which structure is visible on the posterior surface of the heart?
A) Auricle
B) Anterior interventricular sulcus
C) Posterior interventricular sulcus
D) Pulmonary trunk

A

C) Posterior interventricular sulcus

31
Q

What major structures are found within the sulci on the surface of the heart?
A) Cardiac valves
B) Coronary blood vessels
C) Heart chambers
D) Electrical nodes

A

B) Coronary blood vessels

32
Q

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium

A

C) Epicardium

33
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart wall?
A) Epicardium
B) Endocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Myocardium

A

D) Myocardium

34
Q

The myocardium is primarily composed of which type of cells?
A) Skeletal muscle cells
B) Cardiac muscle cells
C) Smooth muscle cells
D) Epithelial cells

A

B) Cardiac muscle cells

35
Q

What role does the myocardium play in heart function?
A) It acts as a protective layer.
B) It lines the inner chambers of the heart.
C) It contracts to pump blood through the heart and arteries.
D) It stores nutrients for the heart.

A

C) It contracts to pump blood through the heart and arteries.

36
Q

How are the cardiac muscle cells in the myocardium arranged?
A) In a linear pattern
B) In concentric rings
C) In a figure 8 pattern around the atria and ventricles
D) In random clusters throughout the heart

A

C) In a figure 8 pattern around the atria and ventricles

37
Q

What is the function of the swirling and spiraling pattern of the cardiac muscle cells?
A) To reduce friction between heart layers
B) To strengthen the heart wall
C) To allow the heart to pump blood more effectively
D) To regulate the heartbeat

A

C) To allow the heart to pump blood more effectively

38
Q

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for regulating the heart’s contraction?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium

A

B) Myocardium

MSRS 6310 (11 decks)

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