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MSRS 6310 > Chambers And Circulation Through The Heart > Flashcards

Chambers And Circulation Through The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The systemic circuit primarily functions to:

A) Deliver oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues
B) Remove waste products from the kidneys
C) Transport oxygenated blood to the lungs
D) Return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

A

A) Deliver oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the pulmonary arteries?

A) To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange
B) To return deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle
C) To carry highly oxygenated blood to the left atrium
D) To deliver nutrients to the heart muscle

A

A) To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange

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3
Q

After passing through the pulmonary veins, blood enters which chamber of the heart?

A) Left ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium

A

B) Left atrium

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4
Q

Where can you find the inferior tip of the heart, known as the apex?

A) Between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their articulation with the costal cartilages
B) Between the junction of the third and fourth ribs
C) At the level of the first rib
D) To the right of the sternum

A

A) Between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their articulation with the costal cartilages

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5
Q

What is the purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when the heart of a patient

A) To manually compress the heart and push blood into the circulatory system
B) To restart the heart using electric shocks
C) To administer medications to the patient
D) To provide artificial respiration

A

A) To manually compress the heart and push blood into the circulatory system

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6
Q

What is the medical term for the condition characterized by an abnormally enlarged heart muscle?
A) Cardiac myopathy
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Cardiac atrophy
D) Cardiac hypertrophy

A

B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs for gas exchange?

A) Pulmonary veins
B) Systemic veins
C) Pulmonary arteries
D) Systemic arteries

A

Pulmonary arteries

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8
Q

What is the main function of the pulmonary circuit in the human circulation?
A) Delivering oxygenated blood to the heart
B) Picking up oxygen and delivering carbon dioxide for exhalation
C) Transporting oxygenated blood to the tissues
D) Transporting blood to and from the lungs

A

B) Picking up oxygen and delivering carbon dioxide for exhalation

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9
Q

Where is the human heart located within the body?
A) In the abdominal cavity
B) Within the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity
C) In the cervical cavity
D) Behind the liver

A

B) Within the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity

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10
Q

What separates the heart from other mediastinal structures?
A) The pleura
B) The diaphragm
C) The pericardium (pericardial sac)
D) The sternum

A

C) The pericardium (pericardial sac)

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11
Q

Where is the base of the heart located?
A) At the level of the third costal cartilage
B) Between the fourth and fifth ribs
C) Deep to the diaphragm
D) Alongside the trachea

A

A) At the level of the third costal cartilage

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12
Q

What is the name of the inferior tip of the heart?
A) The base
B) The septum
C) The pericardium
D) The apex

A

D) The apex

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13
Q

What structure lies near the apex of the heart?
A) The superior vena cava
B) The cardiac notch of the left lung
C) The right lung
D) The sternum

A

B) The cardiac notch of the left lung

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14
Q

Which part of the heart is deflected anteriorly?
A) The left side
B) The right side
C) The apex
D) The base

A

B) The right side

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15
Q

heart?
A) The right and left atria
B) The aorta and pulmonary veins
C) The great veins and great arteries
D) The ventricles

A

C) The great veins and great arteries

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16
Q

Why is it important to understand the position and orientation of the heart?
A) To properly insert a catheter
B) For accurate stethoscope placement and interpreting midsagittal images
C) To measure blood pressure
D) To understand the blood flow

A

B) For accurate stethoscope placement and interpreting midsagittal images

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17
Q

What is the primary purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
A) To restart the heart using electric shocks
B) To manually compress the heart to push blood into the pulmonary and systemic circuits
C) To clear the airway
D) To provide artificial respiration

A

B) To manually compress the heart to push blood into the pulmonary and systemic circuits

18
Q

Where should pressure be applied during CPR?
A) On the xiphoid process
B) On the sternum between the T4 and T9 vertebrae
C) Directly on the ribs
D) On the lower abdomen

A

B) On the sternum between the T4 and T9 vertebrae

19
Q

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions during CPR?
A) At least 2 cm
B) At least 3 cm
C) At least 5 cm
D) At least 7 cm

A

C) At least 5 cm

20
Q

What is the correct rate for chest compressions during CPR?
A) 60 compressions per minute
B) 80 compressions per minute
C) 100 compressions per minute
D) 120 compressions per minute

A

C) 100 compressions per minute

21
Q

What is emphasized in current CPR standards?
A) Performing artificial respiration
B) High-quality chest compressions
C) Checking the pulse frequently
D) Immediate defibrillation

A

B) High-quality chest compressions

22
Q

What is a potential risk of performing CPR incorrectly?
A) Breaking the patient’s legs
B) Driving the xiphoid process into the liver
C) Collapsing the lungs
D) Dislocating the shoulder

A

B) Driving the xiphoid process into the liver

23
Q

Why is it essential for medical personnel and the public to be trained in CPR?
A) To identify heart murmurs
B) To be able to treat patients with broken ribs
C) It is a proven life-sustaining technique
D) To prevent heart attacks from occurring

A

C) It is a proven life-sustaining technique

24
Q

Where can CPR certification courses typically be taken?
A) At shopping malls
B) Online only
C) Colleges, hospitals, and the American Red Cross
D) At home without guidance

A

C) Colleges, hospitals, and the American Red Cross

25
Q

What shape is the human heart most similar to?
A) A sphere
B) A pinecone
C) A cube
D) A cylinder

A

B) A pinecone

26
Q

What are the approximate dimensions of a typical heart?
A) 10 cm long, 7 cm wide, 5 cm thick
B) 12 cm long, 8 cm wide, 6 cm thick
C) 15 cm long, 10 cm wide, 8 cm thick
D) 18 cm long, 12 cm wide, 9 cm thick

A

B) 12 cm long, 8 cm wide, 6 cm thick

27
Q

What is the approximate weight of a male heart?
A) 150–200 grams
B) 200–250 grams
C) 300–350 grams
D) 400–450 grams

A

C) 300–350 grams

28
Q

How does the heart of a well-trained athlete compare to that of a non-athlete?
A) It is smaller and pumps less blood
B) It is larger and pumps blood more effectively at lower rates
C) It has the same size but pumps more blood
D) It does not change in size with exercise

A

B) It is larger and pumps blood more effectively at lower rates

29
Q

What is hypertrophy in the context of cardiac muscle?
A) An increase in the number of heart cells
B) An increase in the size of individual heart cells without increasing their numbers
C) A decrease in heart muscle size
D) A condition caused by lack of exercise

A

B) An increase in the size of individual heart cells without increasing their numbers

30
Q

What condition can cause an abnormally enlarged heart and potentially lead to sudden death in young people?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Pericarditis

A

B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

31
Q

What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A) Excessive exercise
B) It is often undiagnosed and its cause is unknown
C) Poor diet and lifestyle choices
D) Viral infection

A

B) It is often undiagnosed and its cause is unknown

32
Q

What happens to the heart’s ability to pump blood in a well-trained athlete?
A) The heart pumps less blood than in non-athletes
B) The heart pumps blood more effectively at a higher rate
C) The heart pumps blood more effectively at a lower rate
D) The heart’s ability to pump remains the same

A

C) The heart pumps blood more effectively at a lower rate

33
Q

What are the primary pumping chambers of the heart?
A) Atria
B) Ventricles
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Pulmonary arteries

A

B) Ventricles

34
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit primarily transport?
A) Oxygenated blood to the body
B) Deoxygenated blood to the brain
C) Blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange
D) Nutrients and waste products to the kidneys

A

C) Blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange

35
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk?
A) Left atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left ventricle

A

B) Right ventricle

36
Q

What is the function of the systemic circuit?
A) To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs
B) To transport oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body
C) To remove waste products from the blood
D) To maintain the body’s temperature

A

B) To transport oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body

37
Q

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circuit?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Aorta
D) Vena cava

A

B) Pulmonary veins

38
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in the pulmonary circuit?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Aorta
D) Right atrium

A

B) Pulmonary capillaries

39
Q

What happens to oxygen and nutrients in the systemic capillaries?
A) They are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products
B) They enter the bloodstream
C) They remain in the blood
D) They are stored in the capillaries

A

A) They are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products

40
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood returning from the systemic circuit first enter the heart?
A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left atrium

A

C) Right atrium

41
Q

Which veins return blood to the right atrium of the heart?
A) Pulmonary veins
B) Coronary veins
C) Superior and inferior venae cavae
D) Jugular veins

A

C) Superior and inferior venae cavae

42
Q

What continues as long as an individual remains alive?
A) Pulmonary circulation only
B) Systemic circulation only
C) Flow of blood through both pulmonary and systemic circuits
D) Exchange of gases in the pulmonary arteries

A

C) Flow of blood through both pulmonary and systemic circuits

MSRS 6310 (11 decks)

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