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MSRS 6310 > Cardiac Muscle An Electrical Activity > Flashcards

Cardiac Muscle An Electrical Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristic of embryonic heart cells allows them to generate their own electrical impulses?
A) Hormonal regulation
B) Inherent electrical activity
C) External stimulation
D) Chemical signals

A

B) Inherent electrical activity

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2
Q

When two independently beating embryonic cardiac muscle cells are placed together, which one sets the pace?
A) The cell with the slower inherent rate
B) The cell with the faster inherent rate
C) They alternate setting the pace
D) Neither; they stop beating

A

B) The cell with the faster inherent rate

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3
Q

What happens as more embryonic heart cells are placed together in a dish?
A) Each cell beats independently
B) The fastest cell continues to control the rate of contraction
C) The cells stop contracting
D) The cells become inactive

A

B) The fastest cell continues to control the rate of contraction

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4
Q

In a fully developed adult heart, which structure is responsible for triggering the electrical impulse?
A) Purkinje cells
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Atrioventricular bundle
D) Atrioventricular node

A

B) Sinoatrial node

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiac conduction system?
A) Sinoatrial node
B) Atrioventricular node
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Purkinje cells

A

C) Pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

What is the function of the cardiac conduction system in the adult heart?
A) To regulate blood pressure
B) To generate and conduct electrical impulses for heart contractions
C) To control hormone release from the heart
D) To ensure oxygenation of the blood

A

B) To generate and conduct electrical impulses for heart contractions

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7
Q

Where is the sinoatrial (SA) node located?
A) In the left ventricle
B) In the superior and posterior walls of the right atrium
C) At the junction of the atria and ventricles
D) In the pulmonary artery

A

B) In the superior and posterior walls of the right atrium

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the SA node?
A) To pump blood into the lungs
B) To initiate the normal electrical pattern and act as the heart’s pacemaker
C) To receive blood from the superior vena cava
D) To regulate blood pressure

A

B) To initiate the normal electrical pattern and act as the heart’s pacemaker

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9
Q

How does the impulse spread from the SA node to the atrioventricular node?
A) Through the pulmonary veins
B) Via specialized internodal pathways
C) Directly through the ventricles
D) Through the inferior vena cava

A

B) Via specialized internodal pathways

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10
Q

What is the role of Bachmann’s bundle?
A) It carries blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle
B) It conducts the impulse directly from the right atrium to the left atrium
C) It connects the ventricles to the atria
D) It serves as a backup pacemaker for the heart

A

B) It conducts the impulse directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

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11
Q

Why is the connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton important?
A) It supports the heart muscle during contractions
B) It allows electrical impulses to spread freely throughout the heart
C) It prevents the impulse from spreading directly to the ventricles, allowing for coordinated contraction
D) It provides a pathway for blood flow

A

C) It prevents the impulse from spreading directly to the ventricles, allowing for coordinated contraction

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12
Q

What initiates the muscular contraction in the heart?
A) The release of hormones
B) The wave of depolarization
C) The filling of the ventricles with blood
D) The contraction of the atrial muscle cells

A

B) The wave of depolarization

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13
Q

What is the approximate time it takes for the impulse to travel from the SA node to the atrioventricular node?
A) 10 ms
B) 30 ms
C) 50 ms
D) 100 ms

A

C) 50 ms

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14
Q

How does the wave of depolarization spread through the atria?
A) From inferior to superior
B) From superior to inferior
C) Randomly throughout the atria
D) Only through the left atrium

A

B) From superior to inferior

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15
Q

Where is the atrioventricular (AV) node located?
A) In the left ventricle
B) In the inferior portion of the right atrium within the atrioventricular septum
C) In the left atrium
D) In the superior vena cava

A

B) In the inferior portion of the right atrium within the atrioventricular septum

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the AV node?
A) To initiate the heartbeat
B) To prevent the impulse from spreading directly to the ventricles without passing through it
C) To pump blood into the lungs
D) To coordinate the contraction of the atria

A

B) To prevent the impulse from spreading directly to the ventricles without passing through it

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17
Q

Why is there a critical pause before the AV node transmits the impulse?
A) To allow the ventricles to fill with blood
B) To allow the atrial cardiomyocytes to complete their contraction
C) To increase the heart rate
D) To prevent backflow of blood

A

B) To allow the atrial cardiomyocytes to complete their contraction

18
Q

What contributes to the delay in transmission of the impulse through the AV node?
A) The large diameter of the cells in the node
B) The small diameter of the cells of the node
C) Rapid conduction between nodal cells
D) Efficient conduction to the ventricles

A

B) The small diameter of the cells of the node

19
Q

How long does it take for the impulse to pass through the AV node?
A) Approximately 50 ms
B) Approximately 100 ms
C) Approximately 150 ms
D) Approximately 200 ms

A

B) Approximately 100 ms

20
Q

What is the maximum heart rate the AV node can transmit impulses at with extreme stimulation?
A) 180 beats per minute
B) 200 beats per minute
C) 220 beats per minute
D) 250 beats per minute

A

C) 220 beats per minute

21
Q

What happens to the heart when it is stimulated at rates higher than the typical maximum?
A) It pumps blood more effectively
B) It can no longer effectively pump blood
C) It slows down the heart rate
D) It improves blood circulation

A

B) It can no longer effectively pump blood

22
Q

What is a major consequence of the conduction inefficiency between nodal cells?
A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased blood pressure
C) A delay in impulse transmission
D) Enhanced ventricular contraction

A

C) A delay in impulse transmission

23
Q

What is another name for the atrioventricular bundle?
A) Bundle of Purkinje
B) Bundle of His
C) Bundle of Nerve Fibers
D) Bundle of Atria

A

B) Bundle of His

24
Q

Where does the atrioventricular bundle primarily travel?
A) Through the left atrium
B) Through the interventricular septum
C) Along the aorta
D) Along the superior vena cava

A

B) Through the interventricular septum

25
Q

What distinguishes the left bundle branch from the right bundle branch?
A) The left bundle branch is smaller than the right.
B) The left bundle branch has two fascicles and supplies the left ventricle.
C) The right bundle branch has two fascicles and supplies the right ventricle.
D) There is no difference between the left and right bundle branches.

A

B) The left bundle branch has two fascicles and supplies the left ventricle.

26
Q

What is the function of the moderator band in the right bundle branch?
A) It increases the heart rate.
B) It connects the papillary muscles and allows simultaneous contraction.
C) It provides structural support to the heart.
D) It prevents backflow of blood.

A

B) It connects the papillary muscles and allows simultaneous contraction.

27
Q

How long does it take for the impulse to pass from the AV node through the atrioventricular bundle and reach the Purkinje fibers?
A) Approximately 50 ms
B) Approximately 75 ms
C) Approximately 25 ms
D) Approximately 100 ms

A

C) Approximately 25 ms

28
Q

What do the Purkinje fibers do?
A) They initiate the heartbeat.
B) They spread the electrical impulse to the myocardial contractile cells in the ventricles.
C) They provide blood supply to the heart.
D) They regulate heart rhythm.

A

B) They spread the electrical impulse to the myocardial contractile cells in the ventricles.

29
Q

How long does it take for the electrical impulse to reach all of the ventricular muscle cells once it travels through the Purkinje fibers?
A) Approximately 50 ms
B) Approximately 75 ms
C) Approximately 100 ms
D) Approximately 150 ms

A

B) Approximately 75 ms

30
Q

In what sequence does the contraction of the heart occur?
A) From the base to the apex
B) Simultaneously in all chambers
C) From the apex to the base
D) Randomly in different chambers

A

C) From the apex to the base

31
Q

What is the total time elapsed from the initiation of the impulse in the SA node until depolarization of the ventricles?
A) Approximately 150 ms
B) Approximately 225 ms
C) Approximately 300 ms
D) Approximately 400 ms

A

B) Approximately 225 ms

32
Q

What does ECG stand for?
A) Electromyogram
B) Electrocardiogram
C) Electroencephalogram
D) Electrolyte graph

A

B) Electrocardiogram

33
Q

What is the purpose of placing surface electrodes on the body in an ECG?
A) To measure heart rate only
B) To record the electrical signal of the heart
C) To monitor blood pressure
D) To evaluate lung function

A

B) To record the electrical signal of the heart

34
Q

Which component of the ECG represents the depolarization of the atria?
A) QRS complex
B) T wave
C) P wave
D) PR interval

A

C) P wave

35
Q

What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization

A

B) Ventricular depolarization

36
Q

What does the T wave signify in the ECG?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Ventricular repolarization
D) Atrial repolarization

A

C) Ventricular repolarization

37
Q

What is the PR interval?
A) The time from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave
B) The time from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
C) The time from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
D) The time between two consecutive P waves

A

B) The time from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex

38
Q

Why is the PR interval clinically relevant?
A) It indicates the time of ventricular contraction.
B) It measures the duration from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization.
C) It reflects the duration of the T wave.
D) It assesses heart rate variability.

A

B) It measures the duration from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization.

39
Q

What is the primary function of a Holter monitor?
A) To measure blood pressure
B) To continuously monitor heart electrical activity
C) To provide a one-time ECG reading
D) To measure body temperature

A

B) To continuously monitor heart electrical activity

40
Q

What happens to the atria during the QRS complex?
A) They depolarize.
B) They repolarize.
C) They contract.
D) They relax.

A

D) They relax.

41
Q

Which part of the ECG tracing is typically the most visible for measuring the PR interval?
A) P wave
B) Q wave
C) R wave
D) T wave

A

C) R wave

MSRS 6310 (11 decks)

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