Membranes II Flashcards
exam 1
higher[ NA] inside or outside
outside
higher [K] inside or outside
inside
permeability of the plasma membrane for hydrophobic molecules
very permeable
example of Uniport Transport and facilitated Diffusion
glucose permease channel
uniport transport
only one molecule is being transported
higher [Glucose] inside or outside
outside
coupled transport
two ions/molecules are being transported
Symport coupled transport
both molecules going in the same direction
Antiport coupled transport
molecules are going on the opposite direction
Band 3 anion exchanger
antiporter
NA-Glucose trnsport
symport
Na/K ATPase
ATP is used to transport 2 potassium inside and 3 sodium outside
why use te Na/K ATPase?
because the electrochemical gradient for sodium and potassium is high for potassium inside and high outside for sodium. it is going against the elctrochemical gradient
ABC superfamily
ATP binding intercept transporter
CF transmembrane regulator defective
Cystic Fibrosis
ABC transporters (3)
(1) CF transmembrane regulator
(2) sulfonylurea receptor
(3) P-glycoprotein. MDR complex
enlarged orange tonsils
tangier disease
rare genetic disorder characterized by severe HDL deficiency in plasma
Tangier
Hallmark of ___________ disease is accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in various tissues leading to severe cardiovascular disease
Tangier
what is the mutation in tangier disease
the ATP-Binding Cassette 1, mutation in the transporter that does not allow cholesterol to be pumped out
With no cholesterol to pick up in ______ _____, the _____ is cleared from the plasma and ends up in various tissues
tangier disease
HDL
HDL also carries _____ in addition to cholesterol
Beta carantine
lower the HDL, the ___________ incidence of heart disease
higher
most common lipid disorder in patients with heart disease
HDL deficiency
three mechanisms of macromolecular transport
(1) pinocytosis
(2) receptor-mediated endocytosis
(3) phagocytosis
virus or smaller it goes into the cell via
receptor-mediated endocytosis
aneupluoidy
more likely to become cancerous
mesothelioma
asbestos
Actin-mediated process
phagocytosis
phagocytosis diseases (7)
(1) Legionnaire’s
(2) Streptococcus
(3) tuberculosis
(4) leprosy
(5) leishmaniasis
(6) toxoplasmosis/ coccidiosis
(7) listeriosis
Myobacterium tuberculosis
infiltration in the upper lobes of the lungs
if it’s a bacteria or bigger it gets into the cell via
phagocytosis
if it is a virus like HIV or measles it get into cells by
fusing with the PM
involved in concentrating ligan-receptor complexes into specialized regions of the membrane calles ______-coated pits
clathrin for both
______ ____ are often used to ferry the ligan-receptor complexes to the coated pits
lipid rafts
The clathrin pits ______ and then pinch off to become _______ vesicles (also called ______), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the ______ with sorting vesicles and _______.
The clathrin pits invaginate and then pinch off to become endocytic vesicles (also called endosomes), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the endosomes with sorting vesicles and lysosomes
receptor mediated endocytosis examples
familial hypercholesterolemia, rabies and influenza
examples of phagocytosis
tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, legionnaires disease, streptococcus, listeria, toxoplasmosis/coccidiosis
many viruses use _____ to get inside cell, then fuse with the _____ to effect release of the viral genome into the cell
many viruses use RME and then fuse the endosome
_______ becomes activated in the membrane of endocytic vesicles, thus ______ the pH of the vesicle interior
H+-ATPase lowering PH
Why is lower PH important for vesicle interior?
it facilitates fusion of the endocytic vesicle with the sorting vesicle and eventually with the lyosome
low PH also allows
for dissociation of many receptor-ligan complexes
an actin based process
phagocytosis
____ receptors on the plasma membrane recognize ____ molecules attached to the particle to be ingested via phagocytosis
FC receptors recognize IgG molecules
plasma membrane of a phagosome _______ to engulf the particle
evaginates
phagosome also becomes rapidly acidified by a _______ thus permitting fusion with _____ to form a ______ and subsequent ________ of the particle
phagosome acidified by H+-ATPase permitting fusion with lysosome to form a phagolysosome to allow degradation
alteres chloride anion transport
cystic fibrosis
process whereby cells constitutively and randomly internalize small vesicles
pinocytosis
patients present with coronary heat disease (CHD)
Tangier disease
biochemical analysis of skin fiberblasts from tangier patients revealed
the process of reverse cholesterol transport
true or false: free cholesterol is transported out of the cell by the ABC transporter encoded by the tangier gene
true