Membranes II Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

higher[ NA] inside or outside

A

outside

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2
Q

higher [K] inside or outside

A

inside

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3
Q

permeability of the plasma membrane for hydrophobic molecules

A

very permeable

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4
Q

example of Uniport Transport and facilitated Diffusion

A

glucose permease channel

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5
Q

uniport transport

A

only one molecule is being transported

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6
Q

higher [Glucose] inside or outside

A

outside

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7
Q

coupled transport

A

two ions/molecules are being transported

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8
Q

Symport coupled transport

A

both molecules going in the same direction

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9
Q

Antiport coupled transport

A

molecules are going on the opposite direction

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10
Q

Band 3 anion exchanger

A

antiporter

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11
Q

NA-Glucose trnsport

A

symport

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12
Q

Na/K ATPase

A

ATP is used to transport 2 potassium inside and 3 sodium outside

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13
Q

why use te Na/K ATPase?

A

because the electrochemical gradient for sodium and potassium is high for potassium inside and high outside for sodium. it is going against the elctrochemical gradient

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14
Q

ABC superfamily

A

ATP binding intercept transporter

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15
Q

CF transmembrane regulator defective

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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16
Q

ABC transporters (3)

A

(1) CF transmembrane regulator
(2) sulfonylurea receptor
(3) P-glycoprotein. MDR complex

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17
Q

enlarged orange tonsils

A

tangier disease

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18
Q

rare genetic disorder characterized by severe HDL deficiency in plasma

A

Tangier

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19
Q

Hallmark of ___________ disease is accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in various tissues leading to severe cardiovascular disease

A

Tangier

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20
Q

what is the mutation in tangier disease

A

the ATP-Binding Cassette 1, mutation in the transporter that does not allow cholesterol to be pumped out

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21
Q

With no cholesterol to pick up in ______ _____, the _____ is cleared from the plasma and ends up in various tissues

A

tangier disease

HDL

22
Q

HDL also carries _____ in addition to cholesterol

A

Beta carantine

23
Q

lower the HDL, the ___________ incidence of heart disease

24
Q

most common lipid disorder in patients with heart disease

A

HDL deficiency

25
Q

three mechanisms of macromolecular transport

A

(1) pinocytosis
(2) receptor-mediated endocytosis
(3) phagocytosis

26
Q

virus or smaller it goes into the cell via

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

27
Q

aneupluoidy

A

more likely to become cancerous

28
Q

mesothelioma

29
Q

Actin-mediated process

A

phagocytosis

30
Q

phagocytosis diseases (7)

A

(1) Legionnaire’s
(2) Streptococcus
(3) tuberculosis
(4) leprosy
(5) leishmaniasis
(6) toxoplasmosis/ coccidiosis
(7) listeriosis

31
Q

Myobacterium tuberculosis

A

infiltration in the upper lobes of the lungs

32
Q

if it’s a bacteria or bigger it gets into the cell via

A

phagocytosis

33
Q

if it is a virus like HIV or measles it get into cells by

A

fusing with the PM

34
Q

involved in concentrating ligan-receptor complexes into specialized regions of the membrane calles ______-coated pits

A

clathrin for both

35
Q

______ ____ are often used to ferry the ligan-receptor complexes to the coated pits

A

lipid rafts

36
Q

The clathrin pits ______ and then pinch off to become _______ vesicles (also called ______), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the ______ with sorting vesicles and _______.

A

The clathrin pits invaginate and then pinch off to become endocytic vesicles (also called endosomes), which rapidly lose their clathrin coats to allow fusion of the endosomes with sorting vesicles and lysosomes

37
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis examples

A

familial hypercholesterolemia, rabies and influenza

38
Q

examples of phagocytosis

A

tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, legionnaires disease, streptococcus, listeria, toxoplasmosis/coccidiosis

39
Q

many viruses use _____ to get inside cell, then fuse with the _____ to effect release of the viral genome into the cell

A

many viruses use RME and then fuse the endosome

40
Q

_______ becomes activated in the membrane of endocytic vesicles, thus ______ the pH of the vesicle interior

A

H+-ATPase lowering PH

41
Q

Why is lower PH important for vesicle interior?

A

it facilitates fusion of the endocytic vesicle with the sorting vesicle and eventually with the lyosome

42
Q

low PH also allows

A

for dissociation of many receptor-ligan complexes

43
Q

an actin based process

A

phagocytosis

44
Q

____ receptors on the plasma membrane recognize ____ molecules attached to the particle to be ingested via phagocytosis

A

FC receptors recognize IgG molecules

45
Q

plasma membrane of a phagosome _______ to engulf the particle

A

evaginates

46
Q

phagosome also becomes rapidly acidified by a _______ thus permitting fusion with _____ to form a ______ and subsequent ________ of the particle

A

phagosome acidified by H+-ATPase permitting fusion with lysosome to form a phagolysosome to allow degradation

47
Q

alteres chloride anion transport

A

cystic fibrosis

48
Q

process whereby cells constitutively and randomly internalize small vesicles

A

pinocytosis

49
Q

patients present with coronary heat disease (CHD)

A

Tangier disease

50
Q

biochemical analysis of skin fiberblasts from tangier patients revealed

A

the process of reverse cholesterol transport

51
Q

true or false: free cholesterol is transported out of the cell by the ABC transporter encoded by the tangier gene