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Cell Bio > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

Total cell volume of membranes?

A

Usually membranes are 20-25% but it can be up to 100%

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2
Q

Chemical composition of membranes

A

more or less: 50% proteins, 50% lipids and small quantities of carbohydrates

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3
Q

Chemical composition of Myelin

A

Lipids is about 70%.

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4
Q

Chemical composition of Mitochondrial inner membrane

A

Protein is about 80%

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5
Q

Lipids are ___________ distributed in the membrane

A

Lipids are asymmetrically distributed in the membrane

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6
Q

Which leaflet is more fluid?

A

the outer leaflet

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7
Q

More membrane fluidity results in?

A

lipid rafts

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8
Q

(4) classes of membrane lipids {order of abundance}

A

Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Cholesterol
Eicosanoids

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9
Q

_______ are a Tiny but important lipid component of plasma membrane

A

Eicosanoids

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10
Q

Eicosanoid that induces uterine contractions

A

PGE2

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11
Q

Eicosanoid that induces platelet aggregation

A

TXA2 (tromboxanes)

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12
Q

Eicosanoid that induce vasodilation and bronchoconstriction in asthma

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 (leukotrienes)

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13
Q

Phopholipids unique qualities

A

kinks

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14
Q

________ and ________ takes advantage of the fusogenic property of phospholipids

A

HIV and measles

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15
Q

does not have fusogenic properties

A

Sphingolipids

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16
Q

Diseases of Sphingolipid Metabolism

A

Fabrys, Gauchers and Tay-sachs

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17
Q

alteration of sphingolipid properties leads to what type of diseases?

A

Lysosomal storage diseases

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18
Q

do not have fusogenic properties

A

sphingolipids

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19
Q

mental retardation, blindness, early death

A

tay-sachs

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20
Q

hepatenomegaly, mental retardation, long bone degeneration

A

gauchers

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21
Q

kidney failure, skin rash

A

Fabrys

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22
Q

first to be treated successfully with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy

A

Gaucher and Fabry

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23
Q

relatively common in certain ethnic groups who reside on the east coast

A

ta-sachs

24
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

sphingolipids disease

25
Q

gel- like constancy and then apply heat

A

to get fluid like consistency

26
Q

Factors affecting membrane fluidity (4)

A

(1) double bonds
(2) acyl chain length
(3) temperature (heat)
(4) cholesterol

27
Q

more double bonds

A

kinkier and more fluid

28
Q

fewer double bonds

A

more rigid and less fluid

29
Q

shorter acyl chains

A

more fluid

30
Q

longer acyl chains

A

less fluid

31
Q

higher temperature

A

more fluid

32
Q

lower temperature

A

mess fluid

33
Q

at body temperature, higher cholesterol

A

less fluid

34
Q

walking pneumonia

A

mycoplasma

35
Q

mycoplasma attach to the base of _______ _____ and suck the ________ out

A

mycoplasma attach to the base of respiratory cilia and suck the cholesterol right out

36
Q

specialized cholesterol and sphingolipid rich microenvironments in the membrane that move rapidly within a leaflet

A

lipid rafts

37
Q

major functional organizers of the membrane, bringing lipids and proteins together

A

lipid rafts

38
Q

lipid rafts are critical for (3)

A

(1) signal transduction
(2) endocytosis
(3) rapid re-organization of the membrane for extracellular matrix modification and motility

39
Q

great model system for membrane studies

A

erythrocytes

40
Q

it takes ___-___ aa to span the membrane

A

20-25

41
Q

nearly all the aa in a membrane-spanning segment are __________

A

hydrophobic

42
Q

another small but important membrane component

A

glycoproteins

43
Q

function of carbohydrate at cell surface (3)

A

(1) blood-type antigen
(2) pathogen recognition sites
(3) reservoir for cytokines/growth factors

44
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

coccidia

45
Q

coccidia recognizes specific carbohydrates on the

A

Intestinal epithelial cell surface

46
Q

diseases that have intrinsic fusogenicity of membrane lipids

A

HIV, measles and certain other viral infections

47
Q

disease transmitted via cat feces can cause severe birth defects

A

toxoplasmosis

48
Q

why is it bad when the cholesterol is sucked from the respiratory cilia?

A

removing the cholesterol results in a much more fluid membrane that does not permit the cilia to move rhythmically

49
Q

______ cannot be moved out of the respiratory tract and the ________ are thus able to proliferate leading to ______

A

Mucus cannot be moved out of the respiratory tract and the mycoplasma are thus able to proliferate leading to pneumonia

50
Q

eicosanoid derivatives?(3)

A

(1) prostaglandins
(2) thromboxanes
(3) leukotrienes

51
Q

regulation of vascular tone, smooth muscle contractility, and more

A

prostaglandin

52
Q

platelet aggregation

A

thromboxanes

53
Q

mediators of asthma and anaphylaxis

A

leukotrienes

54
Q

the lipid composition of membranes is

A

asymmetrical

55
Q

true or false: lipid rafts are more fluid than the rest of the membrane

A

false, more rigid

56
Q

important in bringing together the components of signal transduction pathways, and for mobilizing matrix-modifying enzymes at the leading edge of migrating cells

A

lipid rafts

Cell Bio (10 decks)

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