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Genes, molecules and cells (2) > Membrane structure and function > Flashcards

Membrane structure and function Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many membranes are there in a eukaryotic membrane?

A

2, inner and outer

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2
Q

Describe the fluid mosaic model: (4)

A

Lipid bilayer 5nm
Protein molecules
Cholesterol

All fluid within each other

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3
Q

What are the 3 main components of membrane and what are their roles?

A

Lipids - barrier, signalling, compartmentalisation
Proteins - channels, Adhesion, Receptors, cytoskeleton link
Carbohydrates - cell identity and recognition

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4
Q

What type of lipids are membrane lipids?

A

Amphipathic

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5
Q

How is the lipid bilayer held together?

A

Van der Waals bonds between fatty tails

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6
Q

What are the 3 structures lipids can form?

A

Micelles, bilayers or liposomes

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7
Q

How do detergents work?

A

Form micelles and disrupt fatty acids

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8
Q

What are the 3 classes of lipids?

A

Phospholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol

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9
Q

Where are lipids made and where are they destroyed?

A

Made: Smooth ER
Destroyed: Lysosome

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10
Q

What are the main types of phospholipids?

A

Phosphoglycerides

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11
Q

What is the structure of a phosphoglyceride?

A

Choline/serine
Phosphate
Glycerol
Hydrocarbon tail x2

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12
Q

What are the 4 different types of heads in phospholipids?

A

Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine
Phosphatidyl-serine
Phosphatidyl-choline - most common
Sphingomyelin

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13
Q

What are the properties of phospholipid tails? (6)

A 
Fatty acids
Hydrocarbon chain ending in carboxylic acid
Chemical formula: CH3(CH2)nCOOH
14-24 carbon chain length
Common 16C & 18C
Saturated or unsaturated
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14
Q

What is composition of phospholipids in the inner and outer membranes?

A

Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine: Inner only
Phosphatidyl-serine: Inner only (negatively charged)
Phosphatidyl-choline : both membranes
Sphingomyelin: both membranes

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15
Q

What is the name of the 3 enzymes that allow phospholipids to switch membranes?

A

Flippase
Floppase
Scramblase

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16
Q

How can we tell if a cell is going to do due to its membrane structure?

A

Phosphatidyl-serine: Inner only

It appears on the outer membrane

17
Q

Where are glycolipids found?

A

Outer membrane

18
Q

What are the key properties of a glycolipid? (5)

A 
Sphingolipid base
1 or more sugar residues
5/6C rings
No phosphate
Neutral or acidic
19
Q

What is the size of cholesterol?

A

1.5nm

20
Q

What is cholesterols role?

A

Stiffen the membrane and provide structure

21
Q

What is the role of sterols in the membrane?

A

Straighteners

Genes, molecules and cells (2) (14 decks)

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