membrane proteins and trasnporters

Question 1

peripheral membrane protein

Answer 1

associated with membrane through weak interactions with lipid head groups or integral membrane proteins
can be liberated by pH or chemical treatments

Question 2

amphitropic proteins

Answer 2

naturually exist both in solution and associated with membranes
often regulated by phosphorylation or ligand binding

Question 3

integral membrane proteins

Answer 3

firmly associated with the lipid bilayer
detergents are required to solubilize these proteins
includes proteins covalently linked to lipids

Question 4

two ways to span the membrane

Answer 4

a-helices
b-barrels

Question 5

why can beta sheets not be membrane proteins

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds would not all be satisfied on the sides in the bilayer

Question 6

very positiive hydropathy index

Answer 6

very hydrophobic

Question 7

more hydrophobic residues

Answer 7

easier to bring things through a membrane

Question 8

less hydrophobic residues

Answer 8

prolly a signaling membrane

Question 9

how to determine which loops are inside/outside the membrane

Answer 9

use proteases that cleave only on sites located outside of the membrane

Question 10

charged residues are almost always on the _____ the lipid bilayer

Answer 10

outside

Question 11

postitive-inside rule

Answer 11

lys, his, arg generally concentrate on cytoplasmic side (cell interior has net - charge)

Question 12

tyr and trp often at the ________ interacting with ________

Answer 12

surface, head groups

Question 13

long chains like ____ can _____ to the ______

Answer 13

lys, snorkel, surface

Question 14

glycosoly phosphatidylinositol linked proteins are usually

Answer 14

on the outside of cells

Question 15

proteins linked to single acyl-chains are usually

Answer 15

inside cells

Question 16

simple diffusion what can move thru

Answer 16

nonpolar and small polar molecules

Question 17

can proton do simle diffusion

Answer 17

no

Question 18

simple diffusion examples

Answer 18

o2 co2

Question 19

c2

Answer 19

where its going

Question 20

c1

Answer 20

where its coming from

Question 21

facilitated diffusion what can go thru

Answer 21

nonpolar and small polar molecules

Question 22

facilitated diffusion is specific to

Answer 22

shape

Question 23

why do k4 and k-4 not matter in transporter kinetics

Answer 23

uncatalyzed simple diffusion is slow

Question 24

why do k-2 and k3 not matter in transporter kinetics

Answer 24

glucose inside the cell is continually being metabolized so Sin does not build up

Question 25

why does k3 not matter in transporter kinetics

Answer 25

dissociation is much faster than transport

Question 26

tranport is ______

Answer 26

saturable

Question 27

what limits Vmax in facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

transporters

Question 28

facilitated diffusion is always ____ the electrochemical gradient

Answer 28

down

Question 29

what has to be stripped away to be transported

Answer 29

water, ensures specficity in the transporting process

Question 30

why can't water-saturated molecules go thru transporter

Answer 30

everything shaped like hydrated whatever could go through

Question 31

when insulin goes away what happens to glucose transporter

Answer 31

pulled into the cell, cant function

Question 32

primary active transport requires what to do what

Answer 32

ATP to move smthg against the EC gradient

Question 33

secondary active transport requires what to do what

Answer 33

moves two things, requires electrochemical gradient of other solute, agaisnt EC

Question 34

what type of transport is the Na+ K+ ATPase

Answer 34

primary active transport

Question 35

how many Na+ leave the cell in Na+K+ ATPase

Answer 35

3

Question 36

how many K+ enter the cell in Na+K+ ATPase

Answer 36

2

Question 37

Na+-glucose symporter is what type of transport

Answer 37

secondary active

Question 38

how is the SGLT able to bring glucose and 2 Na+ into the cell

Answer 38

Na+ K+ ATPase driving high extracellular Na+

Question 39

channels are ____ the EC gradient and speeds are

Answer 39

down, near diffusion limit

Question 40

do channels change their shape

Answer 40

no

Question 41

what does channel depend on

Answer 41

specific size

Question 42

what can be used to control opening of a channel

Answer 42

voltage gated

Question 43

what type of molecules go through membranes with ionophores

Answer 43

polar

Question 44

do ionophore have proteins

Answer 44

no

Question 45

are ionophore with or against EC

Answer 45

with

Question 46

valinomycin

Answer 46

cyclic peptide that binds K+ in hydrophilic core

Question 47

simple diffusion can be very ____ to reach ____

Answer 47

slow, equilibrium

Question 48

reason why facilitated diffusion is michaelis menten

Answer 48

uncatalyzed simple diffusion is slow (k4, k-4 are small) glucose inside the cell is continually being metabolized. Sn does not build up (k-2, k-3 are small) dissociation is much faster than transport (k3 is small)

Question 49

driver of primary active tranport

Answer 49

ATP

Question 50

driver of secondary active tranport

Answer 50

ec gradient of other solute

Question 51

the speed of channels is

Answer 51

near diffusion limit

Question 52

specificity of channels

Answer 52

may be less specific

Question 53

what gradient does valinomycin deflate

Answer 53

K+