membrane bound organelles

Question 1

nucleus (structure)

Answer 1

• surrounded by a membrane called the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE containing nuclear pores
• within the nucleus is a dark mass called the nucleolus, which has no membrane and is where the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesised
• contains DNA

Question 2

nucleus (function)

Answer 2

• stores and transmits genetic information, controls all cellular activities

Question 3

nucleolus (structure)

Answer 3

located within nucleus, no membrane, dark mass

Question 4

nucleolus (function)

Answer 4

synthesise rRNA

Question 5

mitochondria (structure)

Answer 5

contains a double membrane - outer + inner
- inner membrane is highly folded, called the cristae, highly folded increases SA:V
- increases efficency of aerobic resperation therefore increases ATP production
- contains their own DNA which is circular and unbound = similar to prokaryotes

Question 6

mitrochondria (function)

Answer 6

facilitates aerobic respiration for ATP production

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (function)

Answer 7

1) lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism
2) transport of these materials
3) detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (structure)

Answer 8

system of tubules that runs from the nuclear envelope, flattened membrane sac

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum (function)

Answer 9

1) protein synthesis (also modifies proteins)
2) intra cellular transport (to golgi body)
3) membrane production

Question 10

rough endoplasmic reticulum (structure)

Answer 10

system of tubules with ribosomes that run from the nuclear envelope, flattened membrane sac

Question 11

pathway of protein synthesis + secretion

Answer 11

1) nucleus–> 2) ribosome —> 3) ER —> 4) golgi body

Question 12

ribosome (structure)

Answer 12

made up of rRNA and proteins, composed of two subunits

Question 13

ribosome (function)

Answer 13

protein synthesis

Question 14

chloroplast (function)

Answer 14

facilitates photosynthesis

Question 15

chloroplast (structure)

Answer 15

contains double membrane - outer + inner
thylakoids are flatten sacs/discs that contain chlorophyll, granum is a stack of these thylakoids
chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment that enables photosynthesis
thylakoids are stacked into collumns called grana,
-this grana increases SA;V by maximising light absorbition increasing rate of photosynthesis
- contains own DNA

Question 16

vacuole ( function)

Answer 16

1) maintains salt + water balance
2) stores waste, food, nutrients
4) phagocytosis of food particles (animal cells)
plant cells- vacuoles are large and central to maintain cell shape
animal cells- vacuoles are smaller

Question 17

vacuole (structure)

Answer 17

membrane bound sac, fluid filled

Question 18

golgi body (function)

Answer 18

package + secrete proteins and molecules into vesicles –> secretion via exocytosis
modifies proteins and lipids form the ER

Question 19

golgi body (structure)

Answer 19

stack of flattened membrane sacs that are not linked to each other

Question 20

lysosome (structure)

Answer 20

membrane sacs that contain digestive enzyme (lysozymes)

Question 21

lysosome (function)

Answer 21

• breakdown non functional organelles, cell debris and materials taken into the cell by endocytosis, digest macromolesucles/food

Question 22

cytoskeleton (structure)

Answer 22

• made up of microtubules and micro filament and intermediate filaments.

Question 23

cytoskeleton (function)

Answer 23

maintains cell shape,provides cell strength, involved in cell movement (spindle fibres), regulation of cellular activities (guiding secretory vesicles), holds organelles in place

Question 24

centriole

Answer 24

structure - small structure composed of microtubules
function- involved in cell division and formation of cilia and flagella