cellular respiration

Question 1

why do cells require energy

Answer 1

• active transportation
• movement of organelles
• movement
• growth
• reproduction
• responding to stimuli
• metabolism
• excretion

Question 2

autotrophs

Answer 2

organisms that can synthesise their own food via photosynthesis ie, plants

Question 3

photosynthesis what does it do

Answer 3

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy (glucose)

Question 4

photosynthesis equation (chemical)

Answer 4

6CO2+ 6H20 —–> C6H1206 +6O2 using light and chlorophyll

Question 5

photosynthesis equation (worded)

Answer 5

carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose + oxygen using light and chlorophyll

Question 6

heterotrophs

Answer 6

organisms that rely on the consumption of other organisms as they cannot synthesise their own food

Question 7

ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate)

Answer 7

• ATP is an energy storage compound

Question 8

why is ATP an EFFICENT compound

Answer 8

1 it is easily regenerated by ATP cycle
2 small, easily diffused, water soluble
3 releases a constant amount of energy

Question 9

ATP structure

Answer 9

adenosine, ribose sugar, 3 phosophate groups, the 3rd bond of the phosphate is unstable and has high energy, when bond is broken energy is release

Question 10

what happens when ATP is broken down

Answer 10

when the 3rd high energy bond is broken energy is released, this energy released is used for cellular activities, eg. DNA replication, protein synthesis, active transport, cell division, endo + exocytosis. When the ATP is broken down, creating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate

Question 11

ATP cylce

Answer 11

when ATP is broken down produces ADP and and inorganic phosphate and energy is released
When ATP is created from ADP +Pi energy is required to create bond, this energy comes from food or respiration

Question 12

Aerobic respiration

Answer 12

is the COMPLETE breakdown of glucose in the PRESENCE OF O2
- involves oxygen
- produces 36 ATP molecules per glucose

Question 13

aerobic respiration formula (chemical)

Answer 13

C6H1206+ O2—-> 6H2O +6CO2

Question 14

aerobic respiration formula (worded)

Answer 14

glucose + oxygen —-> water + carbon dioxide

Question 15

stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 15

1. glycolysis (2 ATP)
2. krebs cylce (2 ATP)
3. Electron transport chain (ETC) (32 ATP)

Question 16

glycolysis

Answer 16

• 2 ATP is produced
• occurs in the cytoplasm
• converts glucose into 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvates) half of glucose

Question 17

krebs cycle

Answer 17

• 2 ATP is produced
• occurs in the mitrochondria
• converts pyruvates into acetyl co enzyme A
• Acetyl coenzyme A is broken down into CO2+H2O

Question 18

electron transport chain

Answer 18

• produces 32 ATP
• occurs in the mitochondria
• involves the phosphorylation of ADP–> ATP
• phosphorylation = addition of phosphate

Question 19

anerobic respiration

Answer 19

• it is the PARTIAL BREAKDOWN of glucose in the ABSENCE of O2
• produces 2 ATP molecules
• occurs only in the cytoplasm
• is the alternative to aerobic respiration when there is no O2

Question 20

the two types of anerobic respiration

Answer 20

1) alcoholic fermentation: occurs in PLANTS + YEAST cells
2) Lactic acid fermentation: occurs only in ANIMAL cells

Question 21

alcholic fermentation formulas

Answer 21

C6H1206—> 2C2H5OH +2CO2
Glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 22

lactic acid formulas

Answer 22

C6H12O6—-> 2C3H603
Glucose —-> lactic acid
lactic acid is half of glucose