Melt Down Flashcards
Menace reflex
reflex blinking that occurs in response to the rapid approach of an object. Cortical damage, particularly cerebral lesions, can cause loss of menace reflex.
What is normal dog temperature?
38-39
What is a normal dog pulse rate?
80-110
What is a normal respiratory rate/ minute?
20-30
What are the four ways heat dissipates?
convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation
Pyrogenic hyperthermia
Hyperthermia in response to noninfectious sytemic inflammation (e.g. pancreatitis, trauma, immune mediated disease) or infectious agents that produce pyrogens (e.g. interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, viruses, bacteria)
Pyrogens
Interleukin-1, TNF, viruses, bacteria- act on the brain to raise the set-point to a higher temperature range, producing fever (rarely severe enough to put veterinary patients at risk)
Non-pyrogenic hyperthermia
Hyperthermia occuring when heat dissipating mechanisms cannot compensate adequately for heat-producing mechanisms resulting in an increase in body temperature above the set-point and the potential for the development of heatstroke
When your body responds by increasing catecholamine secretion, what is your body trying to do?
Increase body temperature
When your body increases thyroid hormone production, what is your body trying to do?
Increase body temperature
Where does most heat exchange take place when a dog pants?
Nasal turbinates
At environmental temperatures above 32C, the primary mechanism of heat loss in dogs is:
Evaporation
What is the cardiovascular response to hyperthermia?
Cutaneous vasodilation and increase in cardiac output
The acid-base status in heatstroke is usually characterized as
Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
What mechanisms cause generalized cellular necrosis in cases of thermal injury?
Denaturation of proteins, inactivation of enzyme systems, destruction of cell membranes lipids, alteration of mitrochondrial function
Why is it not recommended to immerse a dog in ice water if they are hyperthermic?
It would cause peripheral vasoconstriction and reduce heat loss from the body core
What is a way in the hospital that you might cool the patient?
COLD IV fluids
What is ranitidine?
A H2 blocker
What is maropitant?
Anti-emetic
What is pantoprazole?
A proton pump inhibitor
What is a petechial haemorrhage?
Capillary bleed
Ecchymosis
Subcutaneous extravasation of blood larger than 1 cm
Low urine specific gravity
Renal failure and administration of intravenous fluids
What could give a positive dipstick reading for the presence of haem molecule?
Haematuria, haemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria
Isotonic, crystaloid fluids example
0.9% Sodium chloride- will not cause dangerous fluid shift. Isotonic to blood plasma.
Why do you give plasma?
Try and replace clotting factors
If you are giving fluids and patient is not producing urine, what does this mean (eventually)? How can you tell?
Acute renal failure. Ultrasound.
What system in dogs is unlikely to hold up first?
GI system i.e. haemorrhagic diarrhoea (whereas a cat will present with lung problems)
What does the petechiae tell us about the patient?
DIC
What happens to the brain with a systolic BP less than 60?
BBB breaks down. Restore BP with fluids.
