Meiosis and mitosis

Question 1

What are somatic cells?

Answer 1

Any body cells that do not produce gametes

Question 2

What are Germ cells?

Answer 2

A diploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gamete

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Cells with one set of chromosomes

Question 5

Where are genes located?

Answer 5

A particular location called a locus on a particular chromosome

Question 6

Length of human genome?

Answer 6

3x10^9 base pairs

Question 7

What protein helps with folding?

Answer 7

Histone

Question 8

Methylation can…

Answer 8

Affect how tightly coiled the DNA is and effectively switches genes off

Question 9

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

Two types of cell divison?

Answer 10

Mitosis (Normal cell life cycle) and Meiosis (Reproduction)

Question 11

Phases of Mitosis?

Answer 11

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 12

What are autosomes?

Answer 12

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that don’t determine sex

Question 13

The Human Karyotype is

Answer 13

An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes in a cell

Question 14

what are the two chromosomes in each pair of a karyotype called?

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes/Homologs - contain one chromosome from each parent

Question 15

What is the diploid number for humans?

Answer 15

46

Question 16

When is Mitosis?

Answer 16

Before cytokinesis after G2 in the cell cycle

Question 17

Where is Mitosis?

Answer 17

In many tissues that need to replace cells

Question 18

Reason for Mitosis?

Answer 18

To produce new cells which contain a diploid set of chromosomes. Replacing others that have died or been removed

Question 19

What is Meiosis?

Answer 19

Cell division producing gametes each possessing the haploid number of chromosomes (n) and haploid content of DNA (c)

Question 20

Reason for Meiosis?

Answer 20

Required to allow offspring to be produced with half of their genetic information from their mother and half from their father

Question 21

What does meiosis result in?

Answer 21

Four daughter cells - each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes as parent

Question 22

What happens in Meiosis I?

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes separate. 2 Haploid daughter cells are formed - Reductional Division.

Question 23

What happens in Meiosis II?

Answer 23

Sister chromatids separate. 4 Haploid daughter cells are formed. Each with a haploid set of un-replicated chromosomes.

Question 24

Mitosis

Answer 24

Conserves the number of chromosome sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

Reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two to one, producing cells that are genetically different from the parent cell and from each other

Question 26

What is unique about the metaphase plate in Meiosis?

Answer 26

There are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads) instead of individual replicated chromosomes

Question 27

What separates in Meiosis?

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes instead of sister chromotids

Question 28

What is an original source of genetic diversity?

Answer 28

Mutation

Question 29

What do mutations create?

Answer 29

Different versions of genes called Alleles

Question 30

What does the reshuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction produce?

Answer 30

genetic variation