Meiosis and Genetics Flashcards
What are somatic cells?
cells that contain 46 chromosomes (23 from mom/ 23 from dad) but not sex cells
22 pairs are called autosomes… what are autosomes?
genes that code for cellular functions as well as human characteristics (eye, hair, height)
What is a homologous pair?
a pair of chromosomes that code for the same gene
What are sister chromatids?
two chromatids (one that was replicated) attached together
What is the differences between Meiosis and Mitosis?
- Mitosis divides and creates 2 daughter cells
- Meiosis divides and creates 4 daughter cells
- Mitosis daughter cells are identical
- Meiosis daughter cells are genetically different
- Mitosis daughter cells are diploid
- Meiosis daughter cells are haploid
- Meiosis has crossing over and independent assortment
What is crossing over?
when some of the genetic info from mom and dad switches pieces of chromosomes during prophase I
What is independent assortment?
when we break up the homologous pairs in metaphase I
What does heredity mean?
transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to child
What does Genes mean?
discrete units of DNA that provide the instructions for the production of specific proteins
What is locus?
the location of the gene on a strand of DNA
What are alleles?
variants of one gene
What are dominant alleles?
the version of the gene that the body prefers
What are recessive alleles?
the ones that your body will ignore if you have a dominant allele
What incomplete dominance?
when someone is heterozygous (dominant and recessive) and the body expresses both instead of just the dominant allele
What is codominant?
when you have two dominants and one recessive
