Meiosis

Question 1

Unreplicated chromosome

Answer 1

Single chromosomes that are visible before replication

Question 2

Replicated chromosome

Answer 2

Two identical chromatids joined together after replication

Question 3

Centromere

Answer 3

Joins sister chromatids together

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

The functional and physical unit of heredity and particular section of DNA that carry a specific coded message

Question 5

Chromatid

Answer 5

Two molecules of DNA that is double-stranded joined together by a centromere

Question 6

Homologous chromosome

Answer 6

Chromosomes that code for the same gene

Question 7

Paternal homologue

Answer 7

A chromosome that comes from the father

Question 8

Maternal homologue

Answer 8

A chromosome that comes from the mother

Question 9

Locus/loci

Answer 9

The position in a chromosome where a gene is found

Question 10

Alleles

Answer 10

The variation in genes

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

Having one set of chromosomes

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

Two sets of chromosomes

Question 13

Gametes

Answer 13

The reproductive cells, i.e egg cells and sperm cells

Question 14

Somatic cell

Answer 14

Any diploid cell in the body that is not a gamete

Question 15

Gonosome

Answer 15

Chromosomes that determine the sex

Question 16

Autosome

Answer 16

Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex

Question 17

Genome

Answer 17

The complete set of genes within an organism

Question 18

Karyotype

Answer 18

The complete set of diploid chromosomes within a somatic cell

Question 19

Daughter chromosome

Answer 19

Unreplicated chromosomes at the end of telophase that have no sister chromatids

Question 20

Centriole

Answer 20

Structures found in only animal cells that form the spindle during cell division

Question 21

Interphase

Answer 21

The phase in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, which is before cell division

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

The division of the cytoplasm through the constriction of the cell membrane at the end of cell division

Question 23

Chiasma

Answer 23

The point where two chromatids overlap during Prophase 1

Question 24

Chromatids

Answer 24

The two parts of a chromosome held together by a centromere

Question 25

Anaphase 1

Answer 25

The phase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes separate and start moving towards opposite poles

Question 26

Non-disjunction

Answer 26

The defect in cell division that leads to Down syndrome. it is also the process in which homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosiss

Question 27

Chromosome

Answer 27

The structure that is made up of two chromatids joined together by a centromere

Question 28

Karyotype

Answer 28

The complete set of chromosomes in the cell of an organism

Question 29

Karyotype

Answer 29

A representation of the number, shape and arrangement of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell

Question 30

Spindle fibres

Answer 30

The structure responsible for pulling chromosomes to the poles of an animal cell during cell division

Question 31

Down syndrome

Answer 31

A human disorder that is caused by a non-disjunction of chromosome pair 21