Meiosis Flashcards
Unreplicated chromosome
Single chromosomes that are visible before replication
Replicated chromosome
Two identical chromatids joined together after replication
Centromere
Joins sister chromatids together
Gene
The functional and physical unit of heredity and particular section of DNA that carry a specific coded message
Chromatid
Two molecules of DNA that is double-stranded joined together by a centromere
Homologous chromosome
Chromosomes that code for the same gene
Paternal homologue
A chromosome that comes from the father
Maternal homologue
A chromosome that comes from the mother
Locus/loci
The position in a chromosome where a gene is found
Alleles
The variation in genes
Haploid
Having one set of chromosomes
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes
Gametes
The reproductive cells, i.e egg cells and sperm cells
Somatic cell
Any diploid cell in the body that is not a gamete
Gonosome
Chromosomes that determine the sex
Autosome
Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex
Genome
The complete set of genes within an organism
Karyotype
The complete set of diploid chromosomes within a somatic cell
Daughter chromosome
Unreplicated chromosomes at the end of telophase that have no sister chromatids
Centriole
Structures found in only animal cells that form the spindle during cell division
Interphase
The phase in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, which is before cell division
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm through the constriction of the cell membrane at the end of cell division
Chiasma
The point where two chromatids overlap during Prophase 1
Chromatids
The two parts of a chromosome held together by a centromere
Anaphase 1
The phase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes separate and start moving towards opposite poles
Non-disjunction
The defect in cell division that leads to Down syndrome. it is also the process in which homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosiss
Chromosome
The structure that is made up of two chromatids joined together by a centromere
Karyotype
The complete set of chromosomes in the cell of an organism
Karyotype
A representation of the number, shape and arrangement of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell
Spindle fibres
The structure responsible for pulling chromosomes to the poles of an animal cell during cell division
Down syndrome
A human disorder that is caused by a non-disjunction of chromosome pair 21
