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Life Sciences > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Unreplicated chromosome

A

Single chromosomes that are visible before replication

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2
Q

Replicated chromosome

A

Two identical chromatids joined together after replication

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3
Q

Centromere

A

Joins sister chromatids together

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4
Q

Gene

A

The functional and physical unit of heredity and particular section of DNA that carry a specific coded message

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5
Q

Chromatid

A

Two molecules of DNA that is double-stranded joined together by a centromere

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6
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

Chromosomes that code for the same gene

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7
Q

Paternal homologue

A

A chromosome that comes from the father

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8
Q

Maternal homologue

A

A chromosome that comes from the mother

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9
Q

Locus/loci

A

The position in a chromosome where a gene is found

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10
Q

Alleles

A

The variation in genes

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11
Q

Haploid

A

Having one set of chromosomes

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12
Q

Diploid

A

Two sets of chromosomes

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13
Q

Gametes

A

The reproductive cells, i.e egg cells and sperm cells

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14
Q

Somatic cell

A

Any diploid cell in the body that is not a gamete

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15
Q

Gonosome

A

Chromosomes that determine the sex

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16
Q

Autosome

A

Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex

17
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genes within an organism

18
Q

Karyotype

A

The complete set of diploid chromosomes within a somatic cell

19
Q

Daughter chromosome

A

Unreplicated chromosomes at the end of telophase that have no sister chromatids

20
Q

Centriole

A

Structures found in only animal cells that form the spindle during cell division

21
Q

Interphase

A

The phase in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, which is before cell division

22
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm through the constriction of the cell membrane at the end of cell division

23
Q

Chiasma

A

The point where two chromatids overlap during Prophase 1

24
Q

Chromatids

A

The two parts of a chromosome held together by a centromere

25
Q

Anaphase 1

A

The phase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes separate and start moving towards opposite poles

26
Q

Non-disjunction

A

The defect in cell division that leads to Down syndrome. it is also the process in which homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosiss

27
Q

Chromosome

A

The structure that is made up of two chromatids joined together by a centromere

28
Q

Karyotype

A

The complete set of chromosomes in the cell of an organism

29
Q

Karyotype

A

A representation of the number, shape and arrangement of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell

30
Q

Spindle fibres

A

The structure responsible for pulling chromosomes to the poles of an animal cell during cell division

31
Q

Down syndrome

A

A human disorder that is caused by a non-disjunction of chromosome pair 21

Life Sciences (5 decks)

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