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Life Sciences > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotes

A

An organism which has cells that have DNA in the form chromosomes, located in the nucleus.

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle that remains in the membrane containing the chromosomes.

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3
Q

Membrane

A

The outer boundary of the living cell, which is the thin layer.

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Any specialised structure located within a cell that performs a specific function.

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5
Q

Nuclear pores

A

A protein-lined channel that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

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6
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Situated within the nuclear membrane, it stores DNA and ensures that gene regulation can occur within an isolated environment.

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within the body.

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8
Q

Nucleolus

A

A region found in the nucleus that produces and assembles the ribosomes.

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9
Q

Chromatin network

A

Contains all the cell’s DNA

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10
Q

DNA

A

The molecule containing the genetic information of an organism.

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11
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread-like structures situated within the nucleus, which contains the DNA of an organism.

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12
Q

Genes

A

The functional and physical unit of heredity and particular sections of DNA that carry specific coded messages.

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Membrane-bound and they generate most of the chemical energy required for biochemical reactions

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14
Q

Chloroplast

A

The part of plant and algal cells in which photosynthesis occurs.

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15
Q

Extranuclear DNA

A

DNA that is found outside of the nucleus

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16
Q

RNA

A

A molecule that codes, decodes, regulates and expresses genes.

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17
Q

Monomers

A

A molecule that forms the basic units of polymers

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18
Q

Nucleotides

A

Serves as the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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19
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The jelly-like in which organelles are suspended

20
Q

Polymer

A

A large molecule that is made up of many similar and smaller molecules that are bonded in long, repeating chains.

21
Q

Deoxyribose sugar

A

Consists of five carbon atoms which is a sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

22
Q

Phosphate group

A

A chemical compound made of phosphorus and oxygen atoms which when attached to carbon, forms the backbone of DNA

23
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A molecule containing nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

24
Q

Adenine

A

A pyrimidine base used in forming nucleotides which assists with stabilising the structure of DNA when bonded to thymine

25
Q

Thymine

A

A purine base that forms bonds with adenine and is a building block of DNA

26
Q

Cytosine

A

A pyrimidine that bonds to guanine

27
Q

Guanine

A

A purine base that has a two-ringed structure and is involved with signaling within the cell

28
Q

Purine

A

A heterocycle composed of carbon and hydrogen

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Bonds that bind pyrimidine and purine bases to each other

30
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genes within an organism

31
Q

DNA replication

A

The duplication of the DNA molecule to form two replicas

32
Q

Protein synthesis

A

The process in which proteins are manufactured into living cells

33
Q

Amino acids

A

The building blocks of proteins

34
Q

Coding DNA

A

DNA in living cells that codes for proteins

35
Q

Non-coding DNA

A

DNA that does that not carry information to produce proteins

36
Q

Gene expression

A

The process by which the instructions within DNA is converted to a functional product

37
Q

Mutation

A

A permanent change in DNA sequence

38
Q

DNA profiling

A

The process in which a specific DNA pattern is obtained from someone’s tissue sample

39
Q

DNA sample

A

Biological material, such blood, that is used to determine someone’s DNA profile and their band patterns.

40
Q

DNA extraction

A

A procedure through which DNA is isolated from a cell’s nucleus

41
Q

Identical twins

A

Siblings who look exactly alike and share the same DNA band patterns, as a result of sharing the same genes

42
Q

Forensic evidence

A

Evidence that is gained by scientific methods, which is gained from crime scenes and laboratories.

43
Q

Paternity

A

The confirmed identity of someone’s father

44
Q

Endangered species

A

A species that is most likely to become extinct in the future.

45
Q

Poaching

A

The illegal hunting or capturing of plants and animal species

46
Q

DNA barcode

A

A unique sequence that is used to identify a person

47
Q

Genetic disease

A

A disease that is caused by a defect found in genes

Life Sciences (5 decks)

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