meiosis Flashcards
gene
a set of instructions in dna for a specific trait or characteristic
allele
a variation of a gene
phenotype
the physical appearance of a trait or characteristic
genotype
genetic makeup of a individual that produces the trait
dominant
phenotype seen when genotype is heterozygous
recessive
trait that is “masked” when genotype is heterozygous
homozygous
have two alleles for a trait that are the same
heterozygous
have two alleles for a trait that are different
haploid
1 chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes
diploid
having 2 sets of chromosomes
fertilization
the fusion of the nuclei of the male and female gametes
zygote
the diploid cell resulting from fusion of 2 gametes
synapsis
the pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
tetrad
the group of 4 chromosomes formed in prophase 1 of meiosis
crossing over
pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during synapsis
oogenesis
the formation of eggs in the ovaries
spermatogenesis
the formation of sperm in the testes
gonads
ovaries and tested
monoploid gametes are produced in plants and animals as a result of
meiosis
sexual reproducing species show greater variation that asexually reproducing species due to
the recombination of chromosomes
in animals, polar bodies are formed as a result of
meiotic cell division in females
during normal meiotic cell division of a diploid cell, the change in the chromosome number that occurs is represented by
2n -> n
the diploid number is 20 what is the number of chromosomes found in each normal egg produced
10
a human zygote produced during fertilization is formed from 2 gametes that are identical in
chromosome number
the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase of the first meiotic division is called
synapsis
what are true ab mitosis and meiosis
dna replication occurs before the division of the nucleus
the desperation of a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiotic cell division is called
crossing over
compared to human cells resulting from notification cell division, human cella’s resulting from meiotic cell division would have
one half the number of chromosomes
during meiosis, crossing over may occur and result in
variation within the species
what best describes chromosomes that have the same size, centromere location and genes for the same characteristics
they are homologous
where does meiosis occur
gonads
how many chromosomes relative to parental cell
mitosis: same number
meiosis: half
