Meiosis

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

Production of sex cells.

Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and leads to the formation of gametes.

Question 2

Define gamete.

Answer 2

Reproductive cell (sperm or egg)

Gametes are haploid cells that combine during fertilization.

Question 3

What is a chromosome?

Answer 3

Genetic material structure

Chromosomes carry genes that determine heredity.

Question 4

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 4

Cell with half normal chromosome number

Human gametes are haploid, containing 23 chromosomes.

Question 5

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 5

Cell with full chromosome number (2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent)

Human somatic cells are diploid, containing 46 chromosomes.

Question 6

What are the male reproductive organs?

Answer 6

Testes

Testes produce sperm and hormones like testosterone.

Question 7

What is sperm?

Answer 7

Male reproductive cell

Sperm are motile cells that fertilize the female egg.

Question 8

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 8

Reproductive/urinary organ

The penis delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract.

Question 9

What is testosterone?

Answer 9

Male hormone

Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 10

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 10

Delivers sperm to urethra

It is part of the male reproductive system that transports sperm.

Question 11

What is semen?

Answer 11

Fluid for sperm to swim in

Semen contains sperm and fluids from various glands.

Question 12

What are the female reproductive organs?

Answer 12

Ovaries

Ovaries produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

Question 13

Define eggs/ova.

Answer 13

Female reproductive cell

Eggs are the larger gametes produced by females.

Question 14

What is a follicle?

Answer 14

Chamber where egg develops in ovary

Follicles undergo changes during the menstrual cycle.

Question 15

What is the uterus?

Answer 15

Reproductive organ for fetus development

The uterus provides a nurturing environment for a developing fetus.

Question 16

What are Fallopian Tubes?

Answer 16

Pathway for egg transportation

They connect the ovaries to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.

Question 17

What is estrogen?

Answer 17

Female hormone

Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle and is involved in female sexual development.

Question 18

What is progesterone?

Answer 18

Pregnancy hormone

Progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg.

Question 19

What does LH stand for?

Answer 19

Lutenizing hormone

LH triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum.

Question 20

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 20

Follicle stimulating hormone

FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.

Question 21

Define fertilization.

Answer 21

Sperm combining with egg

Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote.

Question 22

What is ovulation?

Answer 22

Release of egg from ovary

Ovulation typically occurs once a month in females.

Question 23

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 23

Monthly reproductive preparation

The menstrual cycle includes several stages: follicle stage, ovulation, corpus luteum, and menstruation.

Question 24

What is puberty?

Answer 24

Sexual maturation period

Puberty involves physical changes leading to reproductive capability.

Question 25

What is menopause?

Answer 25

When menstrual cycle stops in life ## Footnote Menopause typically occurs in women in their late 40s to early 50s.

Question 26

Define zygote.

Answer 26

Fertilized egg ## Footnote The zygote is the initial cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Question 27

What is an embryo?

Answer 27

Early stage of development ## Footnote An embryo is the developing organism from fertilization until about 8 weeks.

Question 28

What is a morula?

Answer 28

Solid ball of cells ## Footnote The morula stage follows cleavage of the zygote.

Question 29

What is a blastula?

Answer 29

Hollow ball of cells ## Footnote The blastula stage precedes gastrulation in embryonic development.

Question 30

What is a gastrula?

Answer 30

3 layers of cells are present ## Footnote The gastrula stage is crucial for establishing the three germ layers.

Question 31

Define fetus.

Answer 31

Developing human after 8 weeks ## Footnote The fetal stage involves significant growth and development.

Question 32

What is the placenta?

Answer 32

Nutrient exchange organ ## Footnote The placenta facilitates the transfer of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus.

Question 33

What is genetic recombination?

Answer 33

Mixing genetic material ## Footnote Genetic recombination increases genetic diversity in offspring.

Question 34

What is crossing over?

Answer 34

Chromosome segment exchange ## Footnote Crossing over occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variation.

Question 35

Define genetic variation.

Answer 35

Unique genetic combinations ## Footnote Genetic variation is essential for evolution and adaptation.