Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

decscribe the 3 steps of meiosis (b4, during, at end)

A

b4: one round of DNA duplication (same as B4 mitosis)

during: 2 rounds of chromosome segregation - Meiosis 1, Meiosis 2

At end: 4 daughter cells (haploid)

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2
Q

What are the differences found in meiosis 1 in comparison to mitosis?

A

prophase 1 : bivalent, crossing over of chromosomes

Metaphase 1 : bivalents formed

Anaphase 1 : homologous chromosomes are segregated towards spindle poles –not sis chromatids, independent assortment

Telophase 1: every homologous chromosome get separated into 2 poles of the cells and there’s reformation of nucleus.

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3
Q

define independent assortment

A

where random chromosomes segregate into the daughter cells

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4
Q

define bivalent

A

homologous chromosomes pair up

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5
Q

Describe the differences found in meiosis 2 in comparison to mitosis (5 points)

A

starts with diploid mother cell

Prophase 2 - each daughter cell receives one random homologous chromosome

metaphase 2 - organisation of chromosomes into metaphase plate

anaphase 2 - sis chromatids divide

telophase 2 - daughter cell receives 23 sis chromatids (some from dad and mum)

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6
Q

what are the two important characteristics found in meiosis

A
  1. crossing over forming bivalent
  2. indepen. assortment
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7
Q

how many rounds of:

chromosome duplication

chromosome segregation

A

one

two

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8
Q

define meiosis

A

process needed to create gametes, special cells with half the genetic info i.e. haploid needed for sexual reprod.

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9
Q

at what stage does meiosis occurs

A

before 1 round of DNA duplication

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10
Q

how can meiosis be divided

A

meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

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11
Q

define net result

A

from 1 diploid mother cell into 4 haploid daughter cells with half the genetic info, none is genetically identical.

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12
Q

define fertilisation

A

fusion of male and female gametes to reset the diploid asset of genetic info

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