2nd half Term 1 Cell Biology cytoskeleton - Microtubules Flashcards

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1
Q

Define doublet

A

9 x 2 structure

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2
Q

Define triplet

A

9 x 3 structure

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3
Q

Describe single non-motile cilia

A

1 non-moving cilia per cell, almost in all cells in body

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4
Q

Describe single motile cilia

A

sensory organs, transport physical impulses (light, odour)

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5
Q

Describe multiple motile cilia

A

respiratory system, fallopian tube, thousands per cell, co-ordinated pattern beating, move liquid

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6
Q

describe function of beating cilia

  1. power stroke
  2. recovery stroke
A
  1. power = moves liq. out
  2. goes back in position, w/out moving liq.
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7
Q

what do the three structures of kinesins and dyneins do:

  1. Globular heads
  2. Coiled stalk
  3. Light chain
A
  1. bind to MT
  2. flexibilty
  3. attach cargo
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8
Q

what is the base of cilia and flagella?

A

Basal body (triplet)

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9
Q

Describe 2 main functions of centriole and centrosomes

A
  1. Nucleation point for MT joining together and stabilising -ve end
  2. 1 centrosome for mitosis
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10
Q

Describe the structure and shape centrioles

A

1 triplet, cylinder

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11
Q

Describe the location of centrosomes

A

near the Golgi, surrounded by pericentriolar material.

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12
Q

Decribe the arrangement of centrioles and centrosomes

A

perpendicular arrangement

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13
Q

what makes up a centrosome

A

2 centrioles

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14
Q

Define ciliopathies (caused by mutations in kinesin and dynein

A

genetic disorder that fx cellular cilia/ the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies/ ciliary func.

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15
Q

Give the role of gamma tubulin complex

A

helps protect -ve end of MTs asscociated with MTOCs (MT organising centre)

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16
Q

what is a protofilament

A

a linear polymer in MTs (i.e. each vertical column of heterodimers)

17
Q

Where are doublets found in cell organelles

A

Doublets are found in cilia and flagella;

18
Q

Where are triplets found?

A

triplets are found in basal bodies & centrioles.

19
Q

Define nucleation

A

process by which new MTs can grow from ogliomers (which act as seeds for new MTs to grow from)

20
Q

What does MT growth depend on

A

Microtubule growth in vitro depends on the concentration of tubulin dimers.

21
Q

Define overall nucleation point

A

MT assembly is exactly balanced with disassembly , I.e MT assembly = MT disassembly

22
Q

What often gets anchored at the centrosome ?

what are MT dynamics confined to in certain cases?

A
  • minus ends of MTs are often anchored at the centrosome;
  • MT dynamics are confined to plus ends.
23
Q

What is treadmilling

A

What’s Produced from simultaneous assembly and disassembly of MTs

24
Q

What type of cells does treadmilling occur in?

A

Living cells

25
Q

WHat does the alpha and beta tubulin do to GTP

A

Each bind to one GTP molecule

26
Q

WHat do growing MTshave at their plus ends versus shrinking MTs at their - ends?

A

Growing MTs have GTP

Shrinking have GDP

27
Q
A