Meiosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is a diploid and haploid cell?
A
Diploid - 2 chromosomes of each type due to gamete fusion
Haploid - 1/2 the chromosomes in a diploid (gamete)
2
Q
Features of homologous chromosomes? (6)
A
- Matching set of chromosomes
- Same gene, differing alleles
- Similar length
- Centromere in the same place
- Same bonding pattern
- Pair up in meiosis
3
Q
What is an allele?
A
Different versions of the same gene
4
Q
Why do we need meiosis and how does it function? (2)
A
- Haploids to maintain diploids
- Results in genetic variation
5
Q
What occurs in prophase 1? (3)
A
- Bivalents form
- Crossing over occurs
- Independent assortment
6
Q
What happens in metaphase 1? (2)
A
Homologous chromosomes pulled to poles
- Crossing over (genes exchanged)
7
Q
What happens in anaphase 1? (2)
A
- Exchange of DNA
- Points of which chromatids break and rejoin are called chiasmata
8
Q
What occurs in meiosis II? (4)
A
- Metaphase II
- More independent assortment
- Telophase II
- Haploid cells
9
Q
What results in genetic variation?
A
- Independent assortment
- Random fertilisation - unique combination of genes
- Gene mutation - silent mutations
