Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA 2 to know > MEH > Flashcards

MEH Flashcards

1
Q

Describe b12 absoprtion

A
  • B12 binds haptocorrin secreted by salivary glands and the complex passes through the stomach
  • In the small intestine, Vit B12 is released from haptocorrin and binds intrinsic factor (IF) produced by parietal cells in the stomach
  • IF-B12 complex then binds to receptors in the terminal ileum, leading to absorption of B12 and destruction of intrinsic factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

perincous anameais is …

A

autoimmune disease afecting gastric parietal cells cauing lack of IF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

link between b12 and folate

A
  • Vitamin B12 is responsible for reactivating folic acid, back into tetrahydrofolate, the form of folic acid which the body can use.-so low B12 causes a functional folate deficiency
  • THF is essential for: serine-glycine conversion, histidine catabolism, purine synthesis, and most importantly, thymidylate synthesis which is needed throughout the body for DNA synthesis
  • On the other hand, vitamin B12 needs folic acid to reduce homocysteine MTHF gives off its methyl group to vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which becomes methylcobalamin.
  • At the same time, the MTHF folic acid is converted back into its bioactive form, tetrahydrofolate
  • Methylcobalamin then gives off its methyl group to homocysteine, to create methionine
  • Methionine is converted to S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) – one of the most important things for the production of various neurotransmitters and for DNA methylation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

treatment of perincous anameia

A

intramusclular injection

hydroxycobalamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

INtravascular hameolysis

A

within blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

extravascualr hameolyiss

A

in spleen or wider RES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inherited causes of hameolytic anameia

A

Pyruvate kinase def

G6pdh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of band 3

A

Facilitates Cl- and bicarbonate exchange across PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Howell Jolly bodies in blood film indicates…

A

prob in spleen

asplenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is DIC

A

Bleeding and clotting occur at same time in patient - e.g. in malignacny, obstetric complications, trauma and sepssi, and thromobotic thrombocytopenic purpura - small thrombi form within microvascualture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lab findings in haemolytic anaemia

A

raised bilirubin
high reitculocytes
rasied LDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is cause of anaemia of chronic disease

A 
problem with hepcidin
causes a functional iron deficiency 
reduced erythropoiesis 
Iron dysregulation: iron not released for use in bone marrow
-Marrow shows a lack of response to EPO
-Reduced LS of rbc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is sideroblastic anaemia

A

bone marrow produces rigid sideroblasts than normal healthy rbc. Rare inhertied Microcytic anameia,

Results from defects in haem synthetic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are crises in sickle cell

A

Vaso-occlusive

Aplastic (often triggered by parvovirus infection)

Haemolytic

Jaundice and gall stones

Splenic atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is stored iron

A

Ferritin

Haemosiderin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is iron pool

A

Fe3+ bound to transferrin

17
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

cold sores look alike

18
Q

What is koiloncychia

A

spoon nails

19
Q

what is sign of iron def regarding tongue

A

glossy tongue with atrophy of lingual papillae

20
Q

what is pica

A

unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances e.g. dirt, ice

21
Q

tests for iron deficnecy

A 
plasma ferritin (indirect marker of total iron)
Chr  (reitculocye hameolgoycin content) = tests for functional iron deficiency
22
Q

what is felty’s syndrome

A

splenomegaly
neuropenia (secondary to splenomegaly)high levels of G-CSF
RA

23
Q

what is Leucoeryhroblastic film

A

immature wbc and rbc on blood film

24
Q

name 3 anti-insulin hormones

A
  • CRH = increses >1000 fold
  • Human placental lactogen
  • Progesterone
25
Q

describe pregancy related to metabolsim

A

first 20 weeks: anabolic make fuel stores

last 20 weeks: catabolic - use fuel to make baby

26
Q

3 causes of gestational diabetes

A
  1. Autantibidoies similar to those of T1DM (10% of cases)
  2. Genetic sussceptibiltiy similar to maturity onset diabetes (rare, 1-5%)
  3. B-cell dysnfucntion in setting of obesity and chronic insulin resistance (evolving T2DM) – Vast majority

ESA 2 to know (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions