CVS Flashcards

1
Q

type of murmur of stensosis of aortic valve

A

crescendo-decrescendo

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2
Q

mumur of stenossi of mitral valve

A

diastolic murmur

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3
Q

mumur of regurg aortic

A

early descesncro diastolic

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4
Q

murmur of regurg mitral

A

holocystilic mumur

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5
Q

define afterload

A

The load the heart must eject blood against (roughly equivalent to aortic pressure). The pressure the heart needs to pump against, i.e. if the pressure in the aorta is higher than in the ventricles , then ventricles need to pump harder

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6
Q

Define preload

A

Amount the ventricles are stretched (filled) in diastole – related to the end diastolic volume or central venous pressure. Related to filling of load.

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7
Q

Define TPR

A

sometimes referred to as systemic vascular resistance

resistance to blood flow offered by all the systemic vasculature

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8
Q

how to clacualte SV

A

Stroke volume = end diastolic volume (volume once the ventricles filled up aka at the end of diastole) - end systolic volume (volume left in heart once it has pumped out in systole)

SV = EDV - ESV

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9
Q

Define contractility

A

the force of contraction for a given fibre length

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10
Q

name the factors that determine CO

A

How hard it contracts - determined by the end diastolic volume (how much the heart fills) and contractility (increased sympathetic drive) pre load and contractility

How hard it is to eject blood - determined by aortic impedance (roughly arterial pressure).After load or by aortic valve stenosis can make it harder

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11
Q

what are the extrinsic mechanisms of contraciltiy

A

adrenaline/NA

smypathetic stim

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12
Q

define astyole

A

AP fails

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13
Q

treatment for hyperkalamaeia

A

Calcium gluconate – reduces excitability

Insulin and glucose - insulin binds to K+ channels and makes K+ enters cell

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