Meeran Finals Day - Respiratory Flashcards
right middle lobe pneumonia and 5 signs
inv x3
check the x ray
right anterior consolidation decreased expansion on the right dull to percussion increased tactile + vocal fremitus bronchial breathing
lateral CXR, blood+sputum cultures
6 signs of consolidation + define it
decreased expansion central trachea dull percussion increased vocal fremitus whispering pectoriloquy positive bronchial breathing
sound transmits better through denser things as molecules closer together
consolidation is the alveoli + small airways filling with dense material instead of air
differentials of consolidation x5
pneumonia cancer pulmonary oedema pulmonary haemorrhage aspiration
why is noradrenaline useful in septic shock?
vasoconstricts peripherally and thus improves blood pressure (sepsis leads to vasodilation)
differentiate simple vs tension pneumothorax
tension involves a one way valve, meaning air is admitted to the pleural space on inspiration but not released at the same rate, thus air builds up
in simple, valve is two way
5 respiratory causes of clubbing
bronchiogenic carcinoma cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis empyema pulmonary fibrosis
NOT COPD
6 signs of hypercapnia
flap bounding pulse vasodilation papilloedema mental changes drowsiness
define asthma
reversible airway obstruction from bronchoconstriction
define emhysema
irreversible destruction of lung distal to terminal bronchiole
obstructive
signs of acute severe asthma
see ZTF incl treatment
signs of obstructive lung disease x 6
hyperexpanded chest barrel chest tracheal tug decreased expansion hyper-resonant expiratory wheeze
5 signs of pleural effusion
decreased expansion stony dull percussion reduced vocal fremitus reduced air entry normal trachea
