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Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

ditiazem (Cardizem)

special uses

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
for A Fib, A Flutter and SVTs
in addition to Angina and HTN
same s/e, and N/I as other CCBs

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2
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Use: Angina HTN
Caution: use with Digoxin & BB
Contraindicated: HF, H Block or Brady
No grapefruit juice

S/E: Constipation, Peripheral edema, reflex Tachycardia

N/I: IV inject over 2-3min
Taper doses
Monitor HR and BP

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3
Q

Verapamil (Calan)

special uses

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

For A Fib, A Flutter and SVT

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4
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

special directions

A

ACE Inhibitor

Take 60 min before meals

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

A

Antihypertensive, HF, MI, Diabetic Nephropathy

N/I-Monitor BP and K+ levels

S/E: -orthostatic hypotension

  • avoid hot tubs, saunas
  • *angioedema (adm. epi)
  • avoid use in 2nd and 3rd trimerster
  • *persistent dry cough
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6
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

reduces intestinal bacteria

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7
Q

Neomycin (Oral)

A

reduces intestinal bacteria

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8
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone)

A 
Diuretic Aldosterone antagonist
decreases K+ excretion (hyperkalemia)
increases Na+ excretion (hypernatremia)
Steven Johnson syndrome
Metabolic Acidoses
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9
Q

Lactulose (Chronulac)

A

hyperosmotic laxative/
ammonia de-toxicant (hepatic enceph)
Hypernatremia
Hypokalema

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10
Q 
Alpha 2 Agonist
Clonidine
Guanfacine
Methydopa
reduces vascular resistance, HR, and BP
A

Use: Primary HTN - (may be used with other anti-HTN and diuretics) HTN crisis, severe cancer pain
do not use with: anticoagulations, hepatic failure, MAOI’s, lactation

S/E: Dry mouth
rebound HTN (don’t stop abruptly)
**Black/sore tongue
**leukopenia

N/I: CNS side effects
      CBC, HR, BP
      use at bedtime
      notify if involuntary jerky movement,
      prolonged dizziness, rash
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11
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers
-osin

Block receptors

A

Use: Primary HTN
-increased risk of HTN and cyncope if
w/other anti-HTNs, BB or diuretics
-watch INSAIDs, may reduce effect of prazosin

S/E - dizziness/fainting

N/I:- monitor HR & BP
–take at bedtime to reduce s/e of
HypoTN
-not OTC meds unless dr approved

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12
Q

methyldopa (Aldomet)

special precautions

A

Alpha 2 Agonist
do not administer in IV line with
barbiturates or sulfonamides

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13
Q

Vancomycin

A

Toxic to Vessels

Red Man’s Syndrome is common (flushing/Upper body puritis)

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14
Q 
Rapid Acting Insulin
     Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: Lispro (Humalong)
Onset: <15 min
Peak: 0.5- 1 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

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15
Q 
Short Acting Insulin
    Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: Regular (Humalin R)
Onset: 0.5- 1 hr
Peak: 2-3hr
Duration: 5-7hr

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16
Q 
Intermediate Insulin
     Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: NPH ( Humalin N)
Onset:1-2hr
Peak: 4-12hr
Duration: 18-24

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17
Q 
Long Acting Insulin 
    Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: I glargine
Onset: 1hr
Peak: none
Duration: 10.5-24hr

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18
Q

Which Insulin can be given in IV form?

A

Regular

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19
Q

When mixing Regular insulin with NPH, in what order do you inject air and draw up the insulin?

A

Air: NPH -> Regular
(Cloudy -> Clear)

Draw: Regular -> NPH
(Clear -> Cloudy)

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20
Q

Heparin

     Class
     Administration
     Precautions
     Labs
     Antidote
A 
Anticoagulant
Give IV or SubQ
Rotate injection sites
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin, Salicylate
Monitor PTT every 4-6hr
       Norm- 16-40
       Therapeutic 1.5-2.5 X normal
       Alert if  >100

PROTAMINE SULFATE

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21
Q

Warfarin (Cumadin)

     Class
     Administration
     Precautions
     Labs
     Antidote
A 
Anticoagulant
Oral
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin
Monitor INR every 4-6hr
       Therapeutic 2-3

VITAMIN K

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22
Q

Dabigatran (pradaxa)

 Class
 Administration
 Precautions
A

Anticoagulant
Oral
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin
Must discontinue Warfarin before starting
Discontinue 1-2 days before sx if possible

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23
Q

Thronbolytics

 alteplase (Activase tPA)
 tenecteplase (TNKase)
 reteplase (Retavase)

When is use contraindicated
What is the time limit for tPA

A

Contraindicated for intracranial hemorrhage, active bleeding, aortic dissection, brain tumor of if they have had head trauma or CVA within the last 2 months

tPA within 4-6hr of onset of s/s

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24
Q

Adverse GI effects of antacids

A

Other meds should be taken 1hr before or after antacid

Aluminum hydroxide
constipation
hypophosphatemia

Magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag)
diarrhea
hypermagnesemia
renal impairment

Sodium Bicarbonate
Constipation

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25
Q

proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Take on empty stomach 30-60min before meal

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
May increase Digoxin level
Risk of infection, caution w/COPD

esomeprazole (Nexium)

Take on empty stomach 30-60min before meal

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26
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A

Zantac
famotidine (Pepcid)
cimetidne ( Tagament)

may cause toxicity with warfarin, phenytonin, lidocaine

Tagament increases risk of infection, caution w/COPD

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27
Q

Mucosal Protectors

Sucrafate (Carafate)

A

Adheres to ulcer, protects up to 6hr

Give 1hr before meal

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28
Q

promethazine (Phenergan)

Side effects
Nursing interventions

A

Drowsy
Anticholinergic effects
EPS
Potentiates effect of narcotic

Monitor VS, toxic to vessels, can give IM in large muscle

29
Q

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Side effects
Nursing interventions

A 
Drowsy
Anticholinergic effects
EPS
Tardive dyskanesia
Restlessness

Teach about rapid GI emptying
Discontinue w/ signs of EPS

30
Q

ondansterone (Zofran)

Side effects
Nursing interventions

A

Headace
EPS

Administer 30min prior to chemo and 1-2hr prior to radiation

31
Q

Scopolamine (sea sickness ear sticker)

Side effects
Nursing interventions

A

Blurred vision
Sedation
Anticholinergic effect

Apply behind ear
Use lubrication eye drop
Don’t use with angle- closure glaucoma

32
Q

Loop and Thiazide Diuretics

Loop Thiazide
Lasix Duril
Bumex Hydroduril

A 
Hypovolemia
Ototoxity
Hypo K+
Hypo Na+
Hyperglycemia
Digoxin toxicity (w/ Hypo K+)
Lithium toxicity
33
Q

Alpha- Adernergic Blockers for Urinary Retention

bethanechol (Urechiline)

A

bethanechol (Urechiline)
Helps bladder tone for urinary hesitation (strong start)
DON’T give IM or IV
Give on empty stomach
S/E excessive salivation and tearing

34
Q

Alpha- Adernergic Blockers for Urinary Retention

tamsulosin (Flomax)

A 
tamsulosin (Flomax)
     Improves urine flow with BPH
     Must rule out bladder cancer first
     Take 30min after meal
     Take same time each day
     S/E decreased libido
35
Q 
Antibiotics
     Aminiglycosides
          Vancomycin
          Gentimicin
Uses
S/E
labs
Therapeutic ranges
A

Septicemia, Meningitis, pneumonia

high risk for ototoxity
nephrotoxicity

monitor Creatinine and BUN
Peak and Trough levels

Gentamicin therapeutic 4-12
Vancomycin 20-40

36
Q

Antibiotic
Cephalosporins
Keflex
claforan

Uses
S/E

A

URI, UTI

Causes sensitivity with penicillins

monitor for C-Diff

37
Q

Antibiotic
fluroquinolones
Cipro
Levaquin

Uses
S/E

A

Bronchitis, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, UTI, pneumonia, sinusitis

Caution with hepatic, renal, or seizure disorders

38
Q 
Antibiotic
     Macrolides
          Zthromax
          Biaxin
          Erythromycin

Uses
S/E

A

URI, sinusitis, whooping cough, chlamydia

Used if allergic to PCN
Give with meals

39
Q

Antibiotic
Nitrofurantoin
macrodantin

Uses
S/E

A

UT

Broad spectrum
Urine will be brown
Don’t give with renal dysfunction

40
Q

Antibiotic
Penicillins
Amoxil
Omnipen

Uses
S/E

A

Pnuemonia, septicemia, URI, endocarditic, rheumatic fever, GYN infection

hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis

41
Q

Antibiotic
Sulfonamides
Bactrin
Septra

Uses
S/E

A

UT, bronchitis, otitis media

Drink 3L of water/day
Avoid sun exposure
Use back up contraceptives

42
Q

Antibiotic
Tetracyclines
Vibramycin
Sumycin

A

Fungal, bacterial, protozoal, rickettsial, infection

Permanent tooth discoloration in children under 8
Drink 3L of water/day
Avoid sun exposure
Use back up contraceptives

43
Q

Antifungal

Diflucan

A

Candiddisis

Refrigerate
monitor renal and hepatic function
increase risk for bleeding if on anticoagulant

44
Q

Antimalarials
Plaquinil
Quinine

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
Prevent malarial attacks

45
Q

Antituberculars
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin

A

Prevention and treatment of TB

Latent TB 6-9mo
Active TB up to 24mo

46
Q

Antiretrovirals
Zovirax
Valtrex
AZT

A

Genital herpes, HIV, Shingles

increase fluid intake
Start with first onset of s/s
Zovirax: Give on empty stomach
Valtrex: Give with meal

47
Q

Biophosphonates
Boniva
Reclast
Actonel

A

osteoporosis
Hyperglycemia r/t malignancy

Contraindicated while lactating
Contraindicated with esophageal strictures

absorption effected with calcium, orange juice, antacids, caffeine

Give in morning on empty stomach w/8oz water and sit up for 30 min

48
Q

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
DMARDS

     Methotrexate
     Plaquenil
     Embrel
     Remicade
     Humira
A

slow joint degeneration and progression of rheumatoid arthritis

Methorexate- contraindicated in pregnancy, renal or liver failure, alcoholism

increases risk for infection, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration

3-6wk to be therapeutic

49
Q

Antigout medications
Allopurinol
Colchicine

A

Avoid foods high in purines

Allopurinol - inhibits uric acid production

Colchicine- prevent leukocytes from invading joints

50
Q 
Anti anxiety medications
  alprazolam (Xanax)
  buspirone (BuSpar)
  chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
  diazepam (Valium)
  lorazepam (Ativan)
A

Increase GABA to reduce anxiety

GAD
Insomnia
alcohol withdrawal

S/E
CNS depression, paradoxical response, withdrawal
Caution BuSpar and Valium w/ liver disease and substance abuse

51
Q 
Antidepressant
     SSRI
          Cymbalta
          Prozac
          Lexapro
          Luvox
         Pexeva
          Zoloft
A

Inhibits serotonin reuptake

Must avoid ETHO

Monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, hallucination) in first 72hr

Weight gain, Sexual dysfunction, drowsiness, fatigue

52
Q 
Antidepressant
     Tricyclic
          Elavil
          Anafranil
          Sinequan
           Tofranil
A

Don’t administer with MAOI
Don’t administer w/ St. Johns wart
Avoid ETHO
Not for client w/ seizure disorder

Anticholinergic
Sedation
Toxicity
Decreased seizure threshold

53
Q 
Antidepressant
     MAOI
          Marplan
          Pranate
          Nardil
A

Avoid foods w/ Tyramine
contraindicated with SSRI’s Tricyclics, HF, CVA, renal insufficiency

CNS stimulant
Orthostatic hypotension
Hypertensive Crisis

54
Q

Bipolar Medications

Lithium

A

MOnitor Na+ levels
NSAID’s and asprin increase Lithium levels

therapeutic 0.4-1.0 mEq/L

55
Q

Antiphychotic Medications
Conventional
Thorazine
Halodol

 Atypical
      Abilify
      Zyprexa
      Geodon
A

Bock dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine and epinephrine in the brain

Schizophrenia, manic bipolar, tourett’s, Dementia

Contraindicated with severe depression, PD, severe hypotention

S/E
Extrapyramidal effect, Tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Seizures

56
Q

Bipolar Medications

Lithium

A

MOnitor Na+ levels
NSAID’s and asprin increase Lithium levels

therapeutic 0.4-1.0 mEq/L

57
Q

Antiphychotic Medications

A

Bock dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine and epinephrine in the brain

Schizophrenia, manic bipolar, tourett’s, Dementia

Contraindicated with severe depression, PD, severe hypotention

S/E
Extrapyramidal effect, Tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Seizures

58
Q

Vasopressin

desmopressin DDAV

A

Vasoconstrictor (ADH)
Diabetes Insipidus
Cardiac Arrest

Monitor for hyponatremia
I&O
urine specific gravity
BP

Instruct on use of DDAV, for bedwetting

59
Q

Methimazol (Tapazol)

action
use
s/e
teaching

A

inhibits synthesis of Thyroid Hormone

Use: Thyroid Storm, hyperthyroidism

S/E: Agranulocytosis -
Thrombocytopenia (platelets)

Administer with food
No Iodine in diet
increase fluids to 3L day

60
Q

Antihistamines

A

monitor for
urinary retention

Caution use if:
glaucoma, PUD, urinary retention,

anticholinergic effect
dry mouth, drowsiness
hypokalemia

61
Q

Bronchodilators

use
s/e
toxicity s/s

A

Use: Asthma

s/e: tachycardia
   nervousness
  monitor for signs of toxicity
  therapeutic levels 10-20
  no ETOH = toxicity

Toxicity: seizures
give diazepam

62
Q

Beta Blockers will _______ the effect of bronchodilators

A

decrease

63
Q

MAOI’s will _______ the effect of bronchodilators

A

increase

64
Q

Antilipidemic

A

Contraindicated with liver disease

Multiple drug interactions

Take in evening (production increased)
no grapefruit juice

Monitor liver and renal fx
Low fat - high fiber diet

65
Q

Amnioderone is incompatible with ________

A

heparin

66
Q

Amnioderone

S/E

A

Bradycardia

cardiogenic shock

67
Q

Adenosine Use

A

SVT’s
push fast follow with N/S push fast
ensure safety for client, reassure them and keep them focused on you tell them what is about to happen

68
Q

Beta Blockers

A

S/E Bradycardia
Nasal stuffiness
Bronchospasm

Do not give is Systolic is <50

monitor for hypoglycemia

Nursing (11 decks)

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