General Questions or Facts

Question 1

Hypertonic IV fluids include:

5

Answer 1

3% NS
5%NS
D5W/ 1/2 NS (0.9 NS)
D5LR
D10W

Question 2

Hypotonic IV fluids:

3

Answer 2

0. 45% NS (1/2NS)
1. 225% NS (1/4 NS)
2. 33% NS (1/3NS

Question 3

Isotonic IV fluids

Answer 3

0.9% NS
5% dextrose (D5W)
5% Dex. in 0.9%NS (D5W/ 1/4 NS)
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)

Question 4

Colloids

Answer 4

Dextran

Albumin

Question 5

Six Rights

Answer 5

Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right time
Right Documentation

Question 6

Emergency treatment for air embolism induced by IV

Answer 6

clamp tubing
turn client on left side - Trendelenburg
(traps air in right atrium)
contact provider

Question 7

S/S of Air Embolism

Answer 7

tachycardia
dyspnea
hypotension
cyanosis
decreased LOC

Question 8

S/S Catheter embolism

Answer 8

Decreased BP
Pain along the vein
Weak, rapid pulse
Cyanosis of the nail beds
Loss of consciousness

Question 9

S/S Circulatory Overload

Answer 9

Increased BP 
Distended jugular veins
Rapid Breathing
Dyspnea
Moist cough and crackles

Question 10

S/S Hematoma (IV related)

Answer 10

Ecchymosis, immediate swelling and leakage of blood at the site, and hard and painful lumps at the site

Question 11

S/S Infection

Answer 11

Local - redness, swelling and drainage

Systemic - chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, tachycardia

Question 12

S/S Infiltration

Answer 12

Edema, pain, and coolness at the site; may or may not have a blood return

Question 13

S/S Phlebitis

Answer 13

Heat, redness, tenderness at the site
Not swollen or hard
IV infusion sluggish

Question 14

S/S Thrombophlebitis

Answer 14

Hard and cordlike vein
Heat, redness, tenderness at site
IV infusion sluggish

Question 15

S/S Tissue damage

Answer 15

Skin color changes, sloughing of the skin, discomfort at the site

Question 16

Lactated Ringers solution contains potassium. What patient should not receive LR?

Answer 16

Patients in Renal Failure

Hyperkalemia

Question 17

What size needle(s) can be used for emergency fluid administration, blood products or anesthetics?

Answer 17

14-, 16-, 18-, 19- gauge

20-gauge is smallest for blood

Question 18

Needle size for fat infusions (lipids)?

Answer 18

20- 21-gauge

Question 19

Needle size for standard IV fluid and clear liquid IV medications?

Answer 19

22-, 24-guage avg veins

24-, 25-gauge for small veins

Question 20

IV solutions containing saline is contraindicated in these patients.

Answer 20

CHF

Question 21

IV fluids containing dextrose is contraindicated in these patients.

Answer 21

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 22

Skeletal and spinal abnormalities, bleeding disorders, use of anticoagulants, history of multiple abscesses and sepsis poses a contraindication for what?

Answer 22

administration of epidural analgesia

Question 23

Precautions for Bacterial Meningitis

Answer 23

Droplet

Question 24

Expected ICP range

Answer 24

10 - 15

Question 25

Expected PaCO2

Answer 25

35-45