General Questions or Facts Flashcards
Hypertonic IV fluids include:
5
3% NS 5%NS D5W/ 1/2 NS (0.9 NS) D5LR D10W
Hypotonic IV fluids:
3
- 45% NS (1/2NS)
- 225% NS (1/4 NS)
- 33% NS (1/3NS
Isotonic IV fluids
0.9% NS
5% dextrose (D5W)
5% Dex. in 0.9%NS (D5W/ 1/4 NS)
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
Colloids
Dextran
Albumin
Six Rights
Right Patient Right Drug Right Dose Right Route Right time Right Documentation
Emergency treatment for air embolism induced by IV
clamp tubing
turn client on left side - Trendelenburg
(traps air in right atrium)
contact provider
S/S of Air Embolism
tachycardia dyspnea hypotension cyanosis decreased LOC
S/S Catheter embolism
Decreased BP Pain along the vein Weak, rapid pulse Cyanosis of the nail beds Loss of consciousness
S/S Circulatory Overload
Increased BP Distended jugular veins Rapid Breathing Dyspnea Moist cough and crackles
S/S Hematoma (IV related)
Ecchymosis, immediate swelling and leakage of blood at the site, and hard and painful lumps at the site
S/S Infection
Local - redness, swelling and drainage
Systemic - chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, tachycardia
S/S Infiltration
Edema, pain, and coolness at the site; may or may not have a blood return
S/S Phlebitis
Heat, redness, tenderness at the site
Not swollen or hard
IV infusion sluggish
S/S Thrombophlebitis
Hard and cordlike vein
Heat, redness, tenderness at site
IV infusion sluggish
S/S Tissue damage
Skin color changes, sloughing of the skin, discomfort at the site
Lactated Ringers solution contains potassium. What patient should not receive LR?
Patients in Renal Failure
Hyperkalemia
What size needle(s) can be used for emergency fluid administration, blood products or anesthetics?
14-, 16-, 18-, 19- gauge
20-gauge is smallest for blood
Needle size for fat infusions (lipids)?
20- 21-gauge
Needle size for standard IV fluid and clear liquid IV medications?
22-, 24-guage avg veins
24-, 25-gauge for small veins
IV solutions containing saline is contraindicated in these patients.
CHF
IV fluids containing dextrose is contraindicated in these patients.
Diabetes Mellitus
Skeletal and spinal abnormalities, bleeding disorders, use of anticoagulants, history of multiple abscesses and sepsis poses a contraindication for what?
administration of epidural analgesia
Precautions for Bacterial Meningitis
Droplet
Expected ICP range
10 - 15
Expected PaCO2
35-45
