meds

Question 1

Lomotil

Answer 1

diphenoxylate/atropine

Question 2

Lomotil
diphenoxylate/atropine
Action:

Answer 2

difenoxine binds to gut wall opioid receptors, inhibits peristalsis. Atropine present to discourage overdose.

Question 3

Lomotil
diphenoxylate/atropine
Route:

Answer 3

1-2 tabs PO bid-qid PRN
2 tabs qid no more than 8 tabs or 40ml/day
D/C after 48h if no improvement

Question 4

Lomotil
diphenoxylate/atropine
Side effects:

Answer 4

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, paresthesia, euphoria, depression, confusion, sedation, gingival hyperplasia

Question 5

Lomotil
diphenoxylate/atropine
Lab monitoring:

Answer 5

Monitor before for liver disease or volume depletion

Question 6

Lomotil
diphenoxylate/atropine
Precautions:

Answer 6

presence of hepatic impairment
obstructive jaundice
risk of hepatic coma
many drug interactions

Question 7

Imodium

Answer 7

loperamide

Question 8

Imodium
loperamide
Action:

Answer 8

binds gut wall opioid receptors. inhibits peristalsis

increases anal sphincter tone

Question 9

Imodium
loperamide
Route:

Answer 9

2mg PO per dose
start 4 mg x1 then 2mg po after each loose stool
max 16mg/day

Question 10

Imodium
loperamide
Side effects:

Answer 10

constipation
nausea, abdominal cramps, dizziness
Serious: urinary retention

Question 11

Imodium
loperamide
Lab monitoring:

Answer 11

monitor liver function labs for hepatic impairment

Question 12

Imodium
loperamide
Precautions:

Answer 12

many drug interactions

monitor parameters for s/sx CNS toxicity if hepatic impairment

Question 13

Kaopectate

Pepto-Bismol

Answer 13

bismuth subsalicylate

Question 14

Kaopectate
Pepto-Bismol
bismuth subsalicylate
Action:

Answer 14

reduces secretions binds bacterial toxins

possesses antimicrobial effects

Question 15

Kaopectate
Pepto-Bismol
bismuth subsalicylate
Route:

Answer 15

2 tab PO q1h PRN
max 4200mg/24h
30ml PO q1h PRN
H pylori infections 2 tab PO qid x 7-14 days

Question 16

Kaopectate
Pepto-Bismol
bismuth subsalicylate
Side effects:

Answer 16

blackened stool, blackened tongue, constipation, tinnitus

Serious: encephalpathy, Reye’s syndrome

Question 17

Kaopectate
Pepto-Bismol
bismuth subsalicylate
Lab monitoring:

Answer 17

Large dose may prolong PT clotting time

Can cause abnormal alkaline, phosphatase, AST, ALT levels

Question 18

Kaopectate
Pepto-Bismol
bismuth subsalicylate
precautions:

Answer 18

should not be given to children with a fever.

should not be given to people with allergies to salicylates such as asprin.

Question 19

Lactobacillus

Answer 19

Acidophilus

Question 20

Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
Action:

Answer 20

found helpful when produces vitamin K, lactase, and anti-microbial substances. may not help if taking antibiotics.

Question 21

Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
Route:

Answer 21

Tablets, capsules, liquid, yogurt

opinion of 1-10 billion live bacteria taken daily in divided doses is sufficient.

Question 22

Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
Side effects:

Answer 22

Abdominal discomfort or gas, resolves when discontinued.

Question 23

Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
Lab monitoring:

Answer 23

N/A

Question 24

Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
Precautions:

Answer 24

check website for probiotic use