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N201 anti-diarrheal meds > Laxatives > Flashcards

Laxatives Flashcards

1
Q

lactulose

A

Osmotic action

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2
Q

lactulose
Osmotic action
Action:

A
  1. increases eater content and softens stool

2. Decreased blood ammonia levels with improved mental status in portal systemic(hepatic) encephalopathy PSE

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3
Q

lactulose
Osmotic action
Route:

A

PO 15-30ml/day

up to 60ml/day

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4
Q

lactulose
Osmotic action
Side effects:

A

GI: belching, cramps, distention, flatulence, diarrhea
Endo: hyperglycemia

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5
Q

lactulose
Osmotic action
Lab monitoring:

A

Decreased blood ammonia by 25-50%
may increase blood glucose in diabetics
watch serum electrolytes may cause diarrhea with imbalances to sodium and potassium

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6
Q

lactulose
Osmotic action
Precautions:

A

Do GI assessment on patients.
assess stool color and type
watch lab values for Na K and glucose
PSE assess mental state during and after for PSE

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7
Q

Magnesium salts

A
  1. Magnesium citrate

2. magnesium hydrochloride

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8
Q

Magnesium salts

Agent:

A

Saline

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9
Q

Magnesium salts

Action:

A

treatment or prevention of hypomagnesemia

laxative osmotically draws water into the lumen causing peristalsis

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10
Q

Magnesium salts

Route:

A

PO adults mag citrate: 240ml

milk of magnesia (adults): 5-15 ml

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11
Q

Magnesium salts

Side effects:

A

Diarrhea

Derm: flushing, sweating

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12
Q

Magnesium salts

lab monitoring:

A

monitor for hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia

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13
Q

Magnesium salts

precautions:

A

contradicted in hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, anuria, heart block, active or 2 hours of labor.
any level of renal deficiency.

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14
Q

bisacodyl

Agent:

A

Bowl stimulant

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15
Q

bisacodyl

Action:

A

stimulates bowls to evacuate.

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16
Q

bisacodyl

route:

A

PO adults 5-15mg up to 30mg/day

rect 12 and up 10mg single dose

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17
Q

bisacodyl

Side effects:

A

Abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, rectal bleeding

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18
Q

bisacodyl

lab monitoring:

A

monitor potassium levels. may cause hypokalemia with chronic use.

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19
Q

bisacodyl

precautions:

A

apply at bedtime for morning results.
Do GI assessment.
advice patients to increase fluid intake from 1500ml/day to 2000ml/day for dehydration
only should be used chronically for spinal cord injuries.

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20
Q

docusate sodium

Agent:

A

Emollient or wetting

21
Q

docusate sodium

Action:

A

promotes incorporation of water into stool, may promote electrolyte and water secretions into the colon.

22
Q

docusate sodium

Route:

A

PO 50-400mg in 1-4 divided doses

rect: 50-100mg or 1 unit with 283mg

23
Q

docusate sodium

Side effects:

A

throat irritation, GI: mild cramps

Derm: rashes

24
Q

docusate sodium

Lab monitoring:

A

monitor electrolyte for normal values

25
Q

docusate sodium

precautions:

A

do not use with abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting
apply on empty stomach for quicker results
do not apply within 2 hours of other laxatives

26
Q

Castor oil

Agent:

A

Bowl stimulant

27
Q

Castor oil

Action:

A

increases peristalsis

28
Q

Castor oil

Route:

A

15-60ml PO not at bedtime

29
Q

Castor oil

Side effects:

A

dizziness, electrolyte disorders, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea

30
Q

Castor oil

Lab monitoring:

A

monitor electrolyes

31
Q

Castor oil

precautions:

A

contradicted in:
fecal impactions
menstruation

32
Q

sennoside

A

Senokot-S

Brand name

33
Q

sennoside

Agent:

A

grouped as a sennoside

34
Q

sennoside
Senokot-S
Action:

A

8.6mg
2-4 tabs PO qd-bid
start 2 tabs PO
max 4 tabs PO bid

35
Q

sennoside
Senokot-S
Side effects:

A

nausea, abdominal bloating, abdominal cramps, flatulence, diarrhea, urine discoloration

36
Q

sennoside
Senokot-S
Lab monitoring:

A

N/A

37
Q

sennoside
Senokot-S
precuations:

A

potential for laxative abuse

38
Q

psyllium

Agent:

A

Bulk forming

39
Q

psyllium

Action:

A

increases stool bulk

40
Q

psyllium

Route:

A

1-2tsp PO qd-tid

41
Q

psyllium

Side effects:

A

esophageal obstruction
bowl obstruction
diarrhea, constipation, abdominal cramps
bronchospasm

42
Q

psyllium

Lab monitoring:

A

N/A

43
Q

psyllium

Precautions:

A

contradicted with
suspected appendicitis
intestinal obstruction

44
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Action:

A

causes retention of water in stool,

producing laxative effect

45
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Agent:

A

Osmotic laxative

46
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Route:

A

17g PO qd
may take 2-4 days for BM
caution in longer than 2 weeks

47
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Side effects:

A

electrolyte disorders

laxative dependence

48
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Lab monitoring:

A

monitor for disturbances in potassium and sodium levels.

49
Q

polyethylene
glycol
Precautions:

A

contradicted in
bowl obstructions
caution in elderly

N201 anti-diarrheal meds (3 decks)

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