Mediterranean States

Question 1

The Hittites

Answer 1

• 1650-1200 BCE
• Kingdom state with center at Hatti (city of Hattusas)
• Controlled most of Anatolia (modern Turkey)

-Expansionist attacks in to Mesopotamia: Conquered Babylon in 1595 BCE, series of wars with Egypt

Question 2

Minoans (1900-1400 BCE)

Answer 2

Early Aegean state 1900-1200 BCE

• Island of Crete, centered at Knossos
• Not as urbanized as other Mesopotamian states
• Written language (Linear A)
• Benefited from geographic location along major sea trade routes (wine and olive production)
• Massive volcanic eruptions (Santorini) may have contributed to decline after 1450 BCE

Question 3

Mycenaeans (1500-1100 BCE)

Answer 3

• Early Greek civ - gained control of Aegean region after decline of Minoans
• Endemic warfare (Bronze weaponry, iconography, citadels)
• Numerous associated villages around elite citadels with elaborate road networks
• Written records (Linear B)
• Elaborate elite burial culture (Shaft graves, later monumental tombs of stone)
• Decline for unknown reasons (maybe expansion of pre-classical greek states a factor)

Question 4

Knossos

Answer 4

Capital city of the Minoans