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Italian Culture > Medieval/Renaissance > Flashcards

Medieval/Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

What was Dante’s most famous work?

A

The Divine Comedy

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2
Q

What are some themes of the Divine Comedy?

A

Moral neutrality is worse than being wrong, virtue within reason (balance)

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3
Q

Why is Dante going on a journey in the Divine Comedy?

A

He is on a purgatory journey to reach heaven

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4
Q

What language is the divine comedy and the Decameron written in and why?

A

Vernacular, it’s more inclusive

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5
Q

What is a city-state?

A

A city with weak central authority (usually a bishop)

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6
Q

Why did city-states become communes?

A

Larger population, political activism, demand for reform, and economic growth

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7
Q

What are some social aspects of the communes?

A

Role of bishop decreased, high rates of land ownership, popolo (common folk) vs nobles

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8
Q

What is a palazzo?

A

Large, governmental building, indicates wide representation and is welcoming, area to address public

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9
Q

What is a piazza?

A

A public space or marketplace, center of the community

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10
Q

Who wrote the Decameron?

A

Boccaccio

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11
Q

What was the Decameron?

A

10 stories over 10 days

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12
Q

What purpose did the Decameron serve?

A

Entertainment/distraction during the plague, women as primary audience

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13
Q

What were some themes in the Decameron?

A

Winners are clever, opportunistic, god protects the innocent

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14
Q

Who are the three crowns?

A

Dante, Boccaccio, and Petratch

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15
Q

Who coined the term “Renaissance”?

A

Michelet

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16
Q

Who popularized the term “Renaissance”?

A

Burckhardt

17
Q

What does renaissance mean?

A

rebirth

18
Q

What are some key aspects of the Renaissance?

A

Return to classical (greek/roman) works, de-centering of church, increase in public secular thought, more focus on the human as an individual

19
Q

What are some key aspects of humanism?

A

Intellectual movement lead by humanists, emphasis on classical texts and humanity over religion

20
Q

How did latin and vernacular differ?

A

Latin: people who had power, exclusionary
Vernacular: inclusive, local, supported spread of ideas

21
Q

What was bubo?

A

Symptom of the bubonic plague, swelling in armpits and groin

22
Q

Who were the Medici family?

A

A famous banking family of popes who ruled Florence from

23
Q

What is monetary apartheid?

A

Poor people’s currency (silver) cannot be added to make the rich currency of gold florin, no way to improve class condition (rigid system)

24
Q

What was the counter-reformation and its significance?

A

Church censorship, women return to domestic roles

25
Q

Banking in Italy:

A

International banking developed, double-entry bookkeeping integral to success

26
Q

What was the significance of the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena?

A

The nine slices = elected officials
Wide architecture, open representation, welcoming

27
Q

Who was Machiavelli and what is he known for?

A

He wrote Il Principe which outlined how to be a tyrannical ruler and how you can instill fear while maintaining stability

28
Q

Why did Machiavelli write Il Principe?

A

He dedicated the book to the Medici family

29
Q

What are some key points of Il Principe?

A

Outlines how a ruler should rule ruthlessly, maintain stability through fear

30
Q

What’s the significance of the Birth of Venus by Botticelli?

A

It appreciates how beautiful art and culture is non-religiously

31
Q

Who is Girolamo Savonarola?

A

Dominican monk, controlled Florence internally, claimed natural disaster was gods punishment

32
Q

What was the Council of Trent and its significance?

A

The church’s 18 year long meeting on how to solidify the church in response to the reformation and triggered the counter-reformation

33
Q

What was the Sack of Rome and its significance?

A

Rome was taken by the Holy Roman Emperor’s forces, it marked the end of the Renaissance

34
Q

Who applied and codified the laws of perspective?

A

Masaccio applied, Alberti codified

35
Q

What is mannerism?

A

Exaggerated renaissance, not quite baroque, dramatic and colorful

36
Q

What is baroque?

A

Flashy and bling, chiaroscuro, imperfect objects, biblical figures in real world, domes, decorative

37
Q

Who were the two famous baroque architects?

A

Borromini and Bernini

38
Q

Who is Giordano Bruno?

A

A monk executed for heresy, statue of him in the campo de Fiori

39
Q

What is iconoclasm?

A

Returns to the before of not idolizing idols

Italian Culture (6 decks)

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