Colonialism/Fascism/Cinema Flashcards
What were some internal issues post unification/Risorgimento?
No “standard” Italian, poverty, death, famine, radicalization of poor (South)
Why did millions of Italian emigrate?
For better lives in the Americas
Why was colonization popular post unification/Risorgimento and what effect did it have on Italy?
Italy wanted to be like the great powers and considered the colonies their birthright, colonies didn’t generate wealth and used resources Italy didn’t have
What does the term “making Italians” refer to?
It refers to the feelings of failed nationality, Italians eventually felt more “italian”abroad than in Italy
What as the southern question and what significance did it have on Italy?
The south was the problem or issue that had to be resolved post-unification, extremely poor, racialized, no economic growth or social mobility
What were the Italian colonies?
Eritrea, Libya, Ethiopia, Dodecanese Islands, Somalia, Albania
What was race in Italy?
Race dictated whether someone was born a criminal or not, southerners born criminals
What was Italy’s role in WWI?
Italy joined WWI on the losing side, switched sides with Treaty of Versailles
What was the mutilated victory?
Italy didn’t get all that was promised to it in the Treaty of Versailles, many Italians die/lose limbs
How did Italians react to the mutilated victory?
Soldiers coming back continued to fight, created havoc, the need to get more
Who is Gabriel d’Annunzio and what was his significance?
The “first Duce”, created fascist salutes, chants, and propaganda, one of Mussolini’s templates
What were the diasporas and what were they divided into?
Groups of migrants: elite, exiles, and labor migrants
What are some key aspects of fascism?
Ultra-nationalism, focus on the masses, totalitarian (top-down), violence, obedience
Who is Mussolini?
Prime minister, fascist dictator
Who is Matteotti and how did he influence Mussolini’s rule?
Socialist deputy, called out corruption in fascism “and now I write my funeral”, caused Mussolini’s public opinion to get worse
What are fasces and what do they represent?
A bundle of rods with an axe attached, represents force through unity, became the symbol for fascism
Who wrote the Doctrine of Fascism and what does it describe?
Mussolini wrote it, outlines how fascism should work: spiritual, ultranationalist, rejection of other ideologies, totalitarian
How did Mussolini come into power?
Mutilated victory, The March on Rome, Mussolini and his men overtook the current government
What were the Lateran Accords?
A treaty between Mussolini’s gov and the church, made the pope no longer a prisoner
What is aesthetic pluralism?
Fascism architecture aesthetic, back to classics + nothing can be too modern, nationalist, large scale
Who is Marcello Piacenti
Fascist architect, huge number of commissions, made the EUR district
How did Mussolini treat cinema?
Mussolini endorsed cinema during the fascist era, propaganda, built a film university, production boomed, nationalism = dubbing of outside films
How does colonization develop during the fascist era?
It becomes much nastier, some colonies “annexed” (become part of Italy, not own territory), Italians lied to regarding colonies (info suppressed)
Who is King Victor Emmanuel III?
Son of King Victor Emmanuel II, “Emperor of Ethiopia”, he made Mussolini prime minister
