Medieval Progress and Continuity

Question 1

Factors for change
The ____
G___
IG
E___
A___

Answer 1

The Church
Government
Individual Genius
Education
Attitudes

Question 2

The Church
The bible taught that ___ aspects of life, ___
Used __ to explain bad __ and __ of animals
Prior of _____ , 134_ ‘God used ________ of the people’
The Church controlled ___
Encouraged people not to ______, if they did they _______

Answer 2

The bible taught that God controlled all aspects of life, both good and bad.
Used God to explain bad harvests and death of animals
Prior of Christchurch Abbey, 1348 ‘God used suffering to drive out the numberless sins of the people’
The Church controlled education
Encouraged people not to find new ideas, if they did they accused them of heresy

Question 3

Government
___ was the head of the government and was usually more preoccupied with ____ and ____
Most responsibilities to do with medicine were left to ___
In times of __ the __ may act by issuing ___ or ______ to local ____ such as ___
____ and c____ ordered la_ to be built and issued ___ for __ like pol___ and li__
The government tended to ___ rather than ___ for the ___

Answer 3

The king was the head of the government and was usually more preoccupied with war and taxation
Most responsibilities to do with medicine were left to the church
In times of crisis the King may act by issuing ‘writs’ or orders to local governors such as sheriffs
Towns and cities ordered latrines to be built and issued for public health violations like polluting water and littering
The government tended to react to events rather than plan for the future

Question 4

Individuals
___ and u__ taught __ the works of __ and __
Sticking to old ideas meant that there was _____ to find ___ or make new ____
During the time of the ___, Christians came into contact with the work of ___ doctors like Av___ and Rh___
These individuals introduced some ___ but their work was largely ____

Answer 4

The church and universities taught physicians the works of Hippocrates and Galen
Sticking to old ideas meant that there was little attempt to find new ideas or make new scientific breakthroughs
During the time of the Crusades , Christians came into contact with the work of Islamic doctors like Avicenna and Rhazes
These individuals introduced some new ideas based on the work of the ancients

Question 5

Education
Largely controlled by ___
Little local education tended to be in ____, led by ___
Others may have gone to a ____, also ___, to learn ____
The most educated, such as ____ went to ______, such as O___ and C___. These focused their t___ _____ , rather than ____
The Church did not allow ___.
___’s work was used without ____

Answer 5

Largely controlled by the Church
Little local education tended to be in basic literacy, led by a priest
Others may have gone to a grammar school, also run by a church, to learn latin grammar
The most educated, such as physicians went to church universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge. These focused their teaching on the ancients, rather than finding new ideas
The Church did not allow dissection
Galen’s work was used without questioning his accuracy

Question 6

Attitudes
Medieval attitudes tended to be both ___ and ___
They ___ and f___, and of the cl___ - the G__ and R___ especially
Believed the supernatural like WLA
In the __th century, __ was key part of _______ and __ used ___ ____ and ZS in their treatment. These were already ancient ideas

Answer 6

Medieval attitudes tended to be both conservative and superstitious
They respected and followed the teachings of the bible, and of the classical civilisations - the Greeks and Romans especially
Believed the supernatural like WLA
In the 14th century, astrology was key part of medical training and physicians used planetary movements and zodiac signs in their treatment. These were already ancient ideas