Medieval Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Which organisation had the most control over medicine in the Middle Ages?

A

The Church

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2
Q

Which ancient doctors ideas were still widely used?

A

Galen

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3
Q

Why did the Church support the work of Galen?

A

Because in his work he spoke of an ‘intelligent designer’ the Church took this to mean God.

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4
Q

Which theory were physicians trained in using?

A

The Theory of the Four Humours

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5
Q

What were the main believed causes of disease?

A

An imbalance of humors, miasma, Gods punishment

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6
Q

Why was bloodletting and purging used?

A

The balance a patients humours

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7
Q

Why did people attempt to purify the air?

A

To remove miasma

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8
Q

What could apothecaries sell to patients?

A

Herbal remedies

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9
Q

What medical professionals existed for people in the Middle Ages?

A
Physicians (highly trained doctors who had been to university) 
Apothecary (no formal training and sold herbal remedies)
Barbers surgeons (Least qualified and performed simple operations and blood letting) 
Wise woman (no formal training and relied on personal experience, often acted as a midwife)
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10
Q

Who ran the medieval hospitals?

A

The Church and it was staffed primarily by monks and nuns

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11
Q

What was the main focus of medieval hospitals?

A

Care not cure (Only God was allowed to decide who would be cured)

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12
Q

What were the positives of medieval hospitals?

A

They provided a safe place for people to rest.

Patients were given regular meals and allowed to rest, this would have helped people to recover from minor illnesses

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13
Q

What were the negatives of medieval hospitals?

A

No medical treatments offered
Patients sometimes had to share beds leading to cross contamination
Lack of understanding of bacteria
People with serious illnesses were not allowed into hospitals

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14
Q

Why could people not question the work of Galen?

A

Because the Church was too powerful and might have declared them a heretic

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15
Q

How was the Church able to control the spread of information?

A

Most books were copied out by monks meaning only books that matched the views of the Catholic Church were ever copied and circulated

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16
Q

What year did the Black Death reach England?

A

1348

17
Q

What were the two types of plague?

A

Bubonic and Pneumonic

18
Q

What were the actual causes of the Black Death?

A

Bites from infected fleas (bubonic plague)

Breathing in infected particles from a plague victim (pneumonic)

19
Q

What were the symptoms of the Black Death?

A

Buboes (large black swellings), fingers and toes developing gangrene and turning black, vomiting, a fever, internal bleeding/bruising

20
Q

What were the believed causes of the Black Death?

A

Gods punishment, miasma, the Jews poisoning the wells, the planets being out of alignment

21
Q

How did people attempt to prevent themselves from catching the Black Death?

A

Flagellation (whipping themselves as a punishment), prayer, sitting in a sewer, wearing charms

22
Q

How did people attempt to treat the Black Death?

A

Balancing the patients humours, prayer, herbal remedies, bursting the buboes

23
Q

What percentage of the population is believed to have been killed by the Black Death?

A

50%

24
Q

How did the Black Death spread between countries?

A

On trading ships that carried black rats (the rats carried the infected fleas)