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History - Britain: Healthcare > Medieval Medicine > Flashcards

Medieval Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

What animal did Galen demonstrate on to prove what finding? - MEDIEVAL

A

A live pig.

Showed that the brain, not heart controlled movements.

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2
Q

Why did the Church support Galen’s ideas? - MEDIEVAL

A

Galen’s work referred to a ‘creator’ which fitted with the idea that God created man.

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3
Q

What were the 4 humours and their characteristics? - MEDIEVAL

A

Blood (Hot, Wet)
Phlegm (Cold, Wet)
Black Bile (Cold, Dry)
Yellow Bile (Hot, Dry)

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4
Q

Name 3 things believed to have caused illness in the Medieval period… - MEDIEVAL

A 
An Imbalance of the Four Humours
Punishment from God
Miasmas (Bad Smells)
Misalignment of the Planets
The Supernatural
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5
Q

What methods were believed to treat illness that had been sent from God? (Name 2) - MEDIEVAL

A

Going on Pilgrimages
Whipping Themselves (FLAGELLANTS)
Prayers and fasting

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6
Q

What natural methods were used to treat disease? - MEDIEVAL

A

Herbal remedies, bloodletting, rest

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7
Q

Who treated lower class patients? - MEDIEVAL

A

A wise woman (herbal remedies and supernatural cures)
Apothecaries (supplied herbal remedies)
Barber surgeons (performed minor surgery)

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8
Q

How many people did they Black Death kill and when did it arrive? - MEDIEVAL

A

1348, killing at least 1.5 million people

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9
Q

What were the different types of plague and the symptoms? - MEDIEVAL

A

Bubonic - creates buboes on the skin, fever, blisters
Pneumonic - attacks lungs, 90% death rate
Septicaemic - infected the blood, caused fever and vomiting

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10
Q

Name 3 problems with public health - MEDIEVAL

A

Population overcrowding, lack of clean water, no ways of dealing with sewage

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11
Q

Name 2 rational and 2 irrational cures of disease - MEDIEVAL

A

Rational - Bloodletting, vomiting, herbal remedies

Irrational - Pilgrimages, whipping (flagellants), prayer

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12
Q

Describe a barber surgeon (jobs, education, class) - MEDIEVAL

A

Jobs - performed tooth extractions, amputations and trepanning
Class - lower class, operated on lower class
Education - often apprenticed or learned in battlefield

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13
Q

Describe a physician (jobs, education, class) - MEDIEVAL

A

Jobs - leaches to bloodlet, recommended prayer, pilgrimage, flagellants
Class - upper class
Education - university trained, read books (‘Compendium Medicine’, works of Galen), all theory

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14
Q

Name 3 ways Christianity helped medical progress - MEDIEVAL

A

Founded hospitals to follow Jesus’ example of caring for the sick
Set up 700 hospitals between 1000 and 1500
Controlled training of doctors at universities

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15
Q

Give 3 ways Christianity hindered medical progress - MEDIEVAL

A

Encouraged miraculous healing from pilgrimage
Hospitals had no doctors, just a priest to keep strict diet and prayer
Arrested those who challenged their ideas

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16
Q

Give 3 ways Islam helped medical progress - MEDIEVAL

A

Encouraged the discovery of new cures
Baghdad had a medical study centre that translated Arabic texts
Disapproved of Galen’s ideas

17
Q

Give 2 ways Islam hindered medical progress - MEDIEVAL

A

Struggled to spread knowledge to Europe

Didn’t allow dissection

18
Q

How did surgeons deal with pain, blood loss and infection? - MEDIEVAL

A

Pain - created early anaesthetics made of hemlock, opium and mandrake root
Blood loss - cauterised wounds (burning blood vessels) - painful
Infection - didn’t as they thought pus was a sign of poisoned blood being removed.

19
Q

Give 3 examples of public health being better at monasteries - MEDIEVAL

A

Toilets were built downstream from water supplies
Better, healthier diets
Effective quarantining when people were ill prevented spread

20
Q

Explain why public health was better at monasteries than towns - MEDIEVAL

A

They were cleaner
In the countryside meant less disease
Had better sewage plans

21
Q

Name 4 treatments for the Black Death - MEDIEVAL

A 
Prayer + fasting
Building a candle as tall as yourself
Strapping a shaved chicken to the buboes
Cutting buboes and letting them bleed
Bathing in urine
22
Q

What were 3 impacts of the Black Death? - MEDIEVAL

A

Killed 1.5m (1/3 of the population)
Led to higher demand for peasant jobs so higher wages were demanded
Some became devoted to the church as a response for the ‘punishment from God’
Some lost faith in the church

23
Q

What did Avicenna do to advance medicine? - MEDIEVAL

A

Translated Arabic texts into European languages

24
Q

How many surgical instruments did Abulcasis create? - MEDIEVAL

A

26 new instruments

25
Q

Why was amputation rarely used? - MEDIEVAL

A

Due to the risk of blood loss and infection

26
Q

How did John of Arderne help advance medicine? - MEDIEVAL

A

In 1368 he created the Guild of Surgeons in London to separate surgeons from barber surgeons
Developed a pain killing ointment made from hemlock, henbane and opium
Treated anal abscesses

27
Q

How did Mondino de Luzzi help advance medicine? - MEDIEVAL

A

Performed a public dissection in 1315 in Bologna

28
Q

How did Hugh and Theodoric of Luca advance medicine (to an extent) - MEDIEVAL

A

In 1267, they wrote a book about their thinking that pus was bad for the body.
However, Guy de Chauliac challenged this idea, meaning it had little impact.

29
Q

What attempts were made to improve public health in towns? - MEDIEVAL

A

Exeter and London used technology such as lead and wood pipes to deal with increased water demand
In 1330 laws were passed to stop butchers throwing animal remains into the street
Streets outside wealthy people’s houses were cleaned by servants

30
Q

What was the Ancient Greek method of diagnosing disease? - MEDIEVAL

A

Clinical observation

31
Q

How many patients did each medieval hospital care for? - MEDIEVAL

A

12 patients to mirror the 12 disciples

32
Q

What were Islamic Hospitals called that provided care for all? - MEDIEVAL

A

Bimaristans

33
Q

Which 2 doctors had their work translated into Latin for European doctors to use? - MEDIEVAL

A

Rhazes and Avicenna

34
Q

Why did the Black Death spread so quickly? (2) - MEDIEVAL

A

Due to overcrowding, lack of knowledge about the causes of disease and poor disposal of bodies

35
Q

What was the name of Baghdad’s medical library? - MEDIEVAL

A

The House of Wisdom

36
Q

What were hospitals called that looked after people with infectious diseases? - MEDIEVAL

A

Lazar houses

37
Q

Why were Muslim doctors encouraged to find out new things about medicine? - MEDIEVAL

A

The prophet Muhammad encouraged scientists to discover cures

History - Britain: Healthcare (6 decks)

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