Medieval Europe Flashcards
Why did Charlemagne create feudalism?
To control large areas of land.
Who did charlemange rule?
The franks a tribe from modern day Belgium France Luxembourg and western Germany.
Who brought feudalism to England and when.
William the first in 1066.
When was the Magna Carta written? And what was its purpose?
1215 and because people wanted more rights.
What did the Magna Carta state?
The king had to follow laws
people could fight back against unjust.
Who was on top of the feudal system?
Kings and queens.
What did kings and queens give to lords and bishops
Land.
What it the kings and Queens get in return for land to lords and bishops.
Loyalty and protection
What did lords and Bishops give to knights
Land.
What did lords and Bishops get in return for land to knights
Loyalty and protection.
What did knights give to peasants?
Land.
What did knights, lords and Bishops and king and Queen’s get in return for land from peasants?
Taxes and crops.
When did Christianity become the religion of the Roman Empire?
380
Who was Pope Gregory the first? (504-604)
Helped make Christianity become a powerful force.
Spread the church’s message/authority.
Took on responsibilities that the government was struggling to do.
People thought he was the real ruler of Italy.
Made the pope in Rome the most powerful position in the Christian church.
Changed the church by replacing corrupt officials with monks and making priests celibate
What was the Great Schism and when was it?
1054
Christianity formally split into:
Catholicism in Western Europe.
Orthodox in Eastern Europe
What is a schism?
Split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties caused by differences in opinion or belief.
What were the 10 key characteristics of the medieval church?
- religious authority
- sacraments and rituals
- political power.
- Church hierarchy.
- Monasticism- studying as a monk.
- Pilgrims and relics.
- Cathedrals and architecture.
- The medieval inquisition-punished anyone who said
anything wrong about the church. - Education and scholars.
- Feudal system and charity.
What did cathedrals do and how were they made?
Wanted to glorify god.
Without the use of modern cranes concrete steel or electricity.
What music did they play in cathedrals.
Piano song- a single Melody that choirs of men and boys sang using the same key in rhythm without any accompaniment.
What types of medieval art were there?
Paintings.
Stains glass
Stone sculptures.
Illuminated manuscripts.
what was the point of medieval art?
To honor god.
To educate people in Christian belief.
Remind people of Saints and characters from The Bible.
Was the point of artists painting throughout the cathedrals, and how did they do it?
To tell religious stories to people who couldn’t read.
Represented individual figures and images using symbols of importance.
What were illuminated manuscripts?
Handwritten texts.
Big capital letters at the start.
Illustrations around borders.
About religious topics.
By the 11th century, what happens to Towns?
Economic excess.
Trade.
New work opportunities encouraged growth.
Location and trading opportunities also encourage the growth of towns.
What were the bourgeoise?
The middle class in medieval Europe.
Towns developed on land belonging to______who demanded ________ on the ________
lords
taxes
bourgeoise
The bourgeoise wanted to control land because
For their own benefit in trade not the lords
Why did the bourgeoise try to get the lord to sell town charter?
It gave them the right to:
Hold a market.
Control prices.
Make / administer laws.
Elect mayor and town council.
By the 1100s towns had weekly ________
Markets.
Towns received trade outside of medieval Europe, such as
Silk from China, Persia and Syria.
Cotton from Egypt and India.
Ivory from Ethiopia.
Pearls from. Persian Gulf and ceylon
what was witchcraft in the medieval Europe?
witches=devils followers
witches=natural disasters
what was the cannon law
catholic church=own courts, own law=control peoples behaviour
how could you get a treason?
Murdering someone from a high level of social status.
serious act of disloyalty to king/queen
crime control in medieval Europe
No police meant it was a community responsibility
Some villages=curfew=attempt to limit crime
Tithings=group of 10 males over age of 12 (police)
Criminals were put in cages or dead bodies were displayed in town to discourage crime
what were the types of punishments in medieval europe
1 Embarressment
2 Torture
3 Imprisonment
4 Burning
5 Execution
