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Medieval Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Charlemagne create feudalism?

A

To control large areas of land.

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2
Q

Who did charlemange rule?

A

The franks a tribe from modern day Belgium France Luxembourg and western Germany.

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3
Q

Who brought feudalism to England and when.

A

William the first in 1066.

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4
Q

When was the Magna Carta written? And what was its purpose?

A

1215 and because people wanted more rights.

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5
Q

What did the Magna Carta state?

A

The king had to follow laws
people could fight back against unjust.

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6
Q

Who was on top of the feudal system?

A

Kings and queens.

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7
Q

What did kings and queens give to lords and bishops

A

Land.

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8
Q

What it the kings and Queens get in return for land to lords and bishops.

A

Loyalty and protection

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9
Q

What did lords and Bishops give to knights

A

Land.

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10
Q

What did lords and Bishops get in return for land to knights

A

Loyalty and protection.

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11
Q

What did knights give to peasants?

A

Land.

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12
Q

What did knights, lords and Bishops and king and Queen’s get in return for land from peasants?

A

Taxes and crops.

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13
Q

When did Christianity become the religion of the Roman Empire?

A

380

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14
Q

What did Pope Gregory the first? (504-604) do for the church

A

Helped make Christianity become a powerful force.
Spread the church’s message/authority.
Took on responsibilities that the government was struggling to do.
People thought he was the real ruler of Italy.
Made the pope in Rome the most powerful position in the Christian church.
Changed the church by replacing corrupt officials with monks and making priests celibate

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15
Q

What was the Great Schism and when was it?

A

1054
Christianity formally split into:
Catholicism in Western Europe.
Orthodox in Eastern Europe

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16
Q

What is a schism?

A

Split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties caused by differences in opinion or belief.

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17
Q

What were the 10 key characteristics of the medieval church?

A
  1. religious authority
  2. sacraments and rituals
  3. political power.
  4. Church hierarchy.
  5. Monasticism- studying as a monk.
  6. Pilgrims and relics.
  7. Cathedrals and architecture.
  8. The medieval inquisition-punished anyone who said
    anything wrong about the church.
  9. Education and scholars.
  10. Feudal system and charity.
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18
Q

What did cathedrals do and how were they made?

A

Wanted to glorify god.
Without the use of modern cranes concrete steel or electricity.

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19
Q

What music did they play in cathedrals.
(Piano Song)

A

Piano song- a single Melody that choirs of men and boys sang using the same key in rhythm without any accompaniment.

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20
Q

What types of medieval art were there?

A

Paintings.
Stains glass
Stone sculptures.
Illuminated manuscripts.

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21
Q

what was the point of medieval art?

A

To honor god.
To educate people in Christian belief.
Remind people of Saints and characters from The Bible.

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22
Q

Was the point of artists painting throughout the cathedrals, and how did they do it?

A

To tell religious stories to people who couldn’t read.
Represented individual figures and images using symbols of importance.

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23
Q

What were illuminated manuscripts?

A

Handwritten texts.
Big capital letters at the start.
Illustrations around borders.
About religious topics.

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24
Q

By the 11th century, what happens to Towns?

A

Economic excess.
Trade.
New work opportunities encouraged growth.
Location and trading opportunities also encourage the growth of towns.

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25
What were the bourgeoise?
The middle class in medieval Europe.
26
Towns developed on land belonging to______who demanded ________ on the ________
lords taxes bourgeoise
27
The bourgeoise wanted to control land because
For their own benefit in trade not the lords
28
Why did the bourgeoise try to get the lord to sell town charter?
It gave them the right to: Hold a market. Control prices. Make / administer laws. Elect mayor and town council.
29
By the 1100s towns had weekly ________
Markets.
30
Towns received trade outside of medieval Europe, such as
Silk from China, Persia and Syria. Cotton from Egypt and India. Ivory from Ethiopia. Pearls from. Persian Gulf and ceylon
31
what was witchcraft in the medieval Europe?
witches=devils followers witches=natural disasters
32
what was the cannon law
catholic church=own courts, own law=control peoples behaviour
32
how could you get a treason?
Murdering someone from a high level of social status. serious act of disloyalty to king/queen
33
crime control in medieval Europe
No police meant it was a community responsibility Some villages=curfew=attempt to limit crime Tithings=group of 10 males over age of 12 (police) Criminals were put in cages or dead bodies were displayed in town to discourage crime
34
what were the types of punishments in medieval europe
1 Embarressment 2 Torture 3 Imprisonment 4 Burning 5 Execution
35
What three stages made up medieval Europe.
Early, high and late.
36
What years were the early Middle Ages.
C.50BcE-1000 CE.
37
Why was the early Middle Ages called the Dark Ages.
To emphasis destruction, social upheaval and lawlessness of this time.
38
Who was the most powerful ruler in early middle ages and where was his Empire?
Charlamage in Western Europe.
39
What years were the high Middle Ages.
1000 to 1300 CE
40
What impacts did farming have on high Middle Ages?
People began settling in new areas in east and new farming techniques led to rapid growth in population.
41
What year did Christians split from the Catholic Church.
1054 CE
42
What were the Crusades?
A series of military campaigns between 1095 and 1291 over control of Jerusalem, the land of Israel, and beyond.
43
What is the late Middle Ages?
1300-1500CE
44
What is a famine?
Extreme starvation-lack of food.
45
What year did feudalism largely end in the late Middle Ages.
1500CE
46
What determines people's status and opportunities in life and medieval society.
Wealth​
47
How did the wealthy class make money from medieval society?
Income from their Estates
48
List four jobs wealthy individuals had.
Heard and decided disputes Fought battles for their Kings. participated in politics. Took part in hunting expeditions and other sports.
49
How will women viewed in the Middle Ages?
Inferior to men. Obedient daughters or wives and good mothers property of her husband​
50
However wealthy children treated
Education that prepared them for the future roles/responsibilities. Male Children=monastery school/Noble household Female children=educated at home
51
What classes would a Lord's daughter be educated in.
Organising household. Trained in music, singing, conversation and good manners. Maybe= math, writing, reading
52
What did male peasants do for work and what did female peasants do for work?
Male=provide and protect family, farming, soilders Females=harvest, cooking, childcare, spinning and weaving cloth
53
What is a guild
Organisations that set works standards for members and offered them protection.
54
What was the three things that the Catholic Church had influence over?
1. Government. 2. Law making. 3. Law enforcement​
55
Who was the head of the Catholic Church? An example of one of their responsibilities...
The pope- God's represented on earth. Kings asked Pope to approve their decisions
56
How did the Catholic Church gain so much money?
Nobles left land, property and money to the Catholic Church to gain favor with God.
57
What did people believe at this time.
Those who followed God's teachings would go to heaven and those who did not want to hell
58
Why did people rely on the church at this time?
Because most people did not have the opportunities to read, write or learn about the things the church gave them information on for themselves.
59
How did people support the church economically?
By paying them a tithe: 10% of the crops they grew
60
What was the main features of a gothic Cathedral?
Underground chapel Housed tomb and/or relatives of a saint Foundations of up to 10 meters
61
What equipment did workers use to build gothic cathedrals
Wooden cranes and treadmills Flying buttresses Stone cutters.
62
What was the man idea, details about it and significance to the Middle Ages of a manour
Village+ surrounding land Lord or lady controlled the manor and the manor house Money crops population come from manor Demonstrates feudal system. Every day life=farming
63
What was the man idea, details about it and significance to the Middle Ages of the three Field System.
Three Fields- two used and one left to recover​ About 10 meter wide strips. No fences, walls or Hedges to separate farming land. Peasants rotated crops to take different nutrients each year. Seasonal cycle planting, growing, harvesting and repair work. Peasants work in summer. From. 4:30 a.m. to 7 pm Peasant work in winter. From later than 4:30 am but finish about 4 p.m. Farming was more efficient.
64
What was the man idea, details about it and significance to the Middle Ages of the Lord's power.
Presidents had to ask about everything they did and pay taxes. Control over land, food, wealth. Politics. Decided disputes. Demonstrated fuedilism.
65
What was the man idea, details about it and significance to the Middle Ages of eating like a peasant
Limited variety of food. Dependent on the harvest being good or bad Main foods: bread, cheese, pottage and some vegetables. Drank water or ale. Used herbs that were easy to obtain. Showed influence of Christianity on medieval times. Significance of farming.
66
What was the man idea, details about it and significance to the Middle Ages of eating like a lord
Large variety and loads of options. Wealth= lots of food. Food: dear, squirrels, rabbits, wild boar. Castle banquets. Expressed the importance of wealth and medieval Europe.

History (4 decks)

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