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Ancient China Flashcards

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1
Q

pre-imperial china

A

6500 years ago, they made villages on fertile farming lands around Hung and Yangtze rivers

different ethnic groups formed different kindoms/societies

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2
Q

Definition of dynasties.

A

Families whose members controlled government over several generations​

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3
Q

what were the dynasties of ancient china?

A

Xia
Shang
Zhou

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4
Q

Shang dynasty

A

written records on oracle bones?
lots of bronze
feudalism
ended over revolution

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5
Q

Zhou dynasty

A

“mandate of heave” right to rule from god
strengthened fuedelism

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6
Q

Wanning states

A

war between nobles
Qin became emperor of imperial china

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7
Q

Qin dynasty

A

Terracotta warriers
Central government
high taxes=rebellion
Liu pang defeats qin

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8
Q

Wanning states

A

war between nobles
Qin became empereor

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9
Q

Qin dynasty

A

central government
high taxes led to rebellion
Liu Pang defeats Qin

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10
Q

Han dynasty (Gaozu)

A

first leader
disbanded armies
reduced taxes and easier laws

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11
Q

Han dynasty (Han Wudi)

A

7th emperor
people rebelled because of taxes

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12
Q

Han dynasty (Wang Mang)

A

blamed for the famine
group called Red eyebrows made an army to rebel against him

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13
Q

Han dynasty (Eunuchs and Yellow Turbans)

A

Eunuchs performed tasks that the Han people didn’t
Government weakens
rebellion by a group called Yellow Turbans

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14
Q

When did the Han dynasty fall?

A

220 CE

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15
Q

what are the two main areas of ancient china

A

East- 1/3 of Ancient china- made for farming and history
Remaining 2/3- unsuitable for farming because of the climate and lanforms

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16
Q

What rivers were there in ancient China and what would they use for?

A

Huang, Yangtze and Xi
transport routes
water supplies
floods=rich farming land

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17
Q

What was the natural boundaries of ancient China?

A

The mountain ranges (himilayes) to the west.
The Great Wall of China to the North
Pacific Ocean to the east.

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18
Q

what was the social structure in Ancient China?

A
  1. The Shi
  2. The Nong
  3. The Gong
  4. The Shang
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19
Q

The shi

A

ruling groups of nobles, scholars and officals

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20
Q

the nong

A

farmers and their families

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21
Q

the gong

A

artisans and crafts people

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22
Q

the shang

A

merchants and traders
looked down upon

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23
Q

emperor def.

A

the ruling leader of China

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24
Q

90% of the 60 million people in Imperial China were the group of (class):

A

the nong

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25
Q

What Ancient Chinese religions were there

A

Daoism and Buddism

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26
Q

What did Daoism teach

A

to live simply, in harmony with nature and avoid ambition

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26
Q

If people followed the Daoism ‘way’ what did they belive would happen

A

they would live forever: become immortal

27
Q

what became the official belief system for Ancient China

A

Confucianism

28
Q

what did Confucianism teach

A

a worthy person would be honest, loyal and self sacrificing and that evil was the result of a poor upbringing

29
Q

what did Confucianism teach in houses

A

Family members should be loyal and respect one another
Eldest man was in charge

30
Q

what were the ‘four noble truths’ according to Buddhism

A
  1. All existence suffering.
  2. Suffering=desire​
  3. Nirvana=beyond individual needs, desires or suffering.
  4. Achieve Nirvana=eightfold path, which reflects ethical behaviour, wisdom and mental discipline.
31
Q

what did Buddhism teach

A

people were incarnated until they reached Nirvana

32
Q

what did a peasants life look like (seasons)

A

summer-care for crops
autumn-harvest
winter-repair tools/down time
spring-plough

33
Q

what did Qin Shi Huangdi do for China

A

unified china
established central government

34
Q

what building structures were made under Qin Shi Huangdi

A

Great wall-prevent invasion from the North
Terracotta Warriors Tomb

35
Q

standardism:

A

strengthened governments authority
laws and punishments same throughout china

36
Q

Qin Shi Huangdi did this through government:

A

divided china in 36 areas
rejected feudalism
only 1 offical contoled the army

37
Q

what legalism limits opposition was made under Qin Shi Huangdi

A

didn’t tolerate opposition to his rule

38
Q

what was the “Burning of the Books” under Qin Shi Huangdi

A

got rid of the “old ways” by burning books on them

39
Q

how did peasants work the land
(with what tools)

A

hand tools
only few could afford iorn ploughs or oxen
used pulled carts
rich people had horses

40
Q

during the Han dynasty there were __ periods of ________, ________, ________

A

20
droughts, famine, food

41
Q

what was the irrigation of Ancient China

A

leeve=prevent flooding and split river into 2 channels

42
Q

what was the effect of irrigation on Ancient China after 8 yrs

A

20m wide channels through the mountins
solved flood problem
additional farmland

43
Q

what does confucianism, ancient philosophy,
stand for:

A

justice
repect for elders
morally correct
education

44
Q

what was the clothing and status in ancient china?

A

robes were worn:
fiabrics (silk)=weathly only
fibers (hemp)=lower classes
colour/patterns=status
yellow=emperor/dragons/stars

45
Q

what were the funeral customs in ancient china?

A

washed and dressed
jade on top of the eyes/nose
coffin made from a tree
music to free the spirit
public wailing

46
Q

what was the mausoleum of Quin Shi Huangdi

A

246 BCE
Grand Tomb-Terracotta warriors
builders were buried alive

47
Q

what is Daoism/Taosim

A

religion/philosophy
meditation/compassion
started in the warning periods
no action (minimal inetrferance)
20% of population
still alive today

48
Q

how were the wealthy buried

A

wonderful tombs, decorations, sculptures and artworks

49
Q

what did emperors sometimes have buried with them? Why?

A

servants buried alive
clay models of servants and animals

showed their status

50
Q

Under Han Wudi what happened (land)

A

took control of land in central Asia:
Manchuria and Korea in the North
Vietnam in the south

51
Q

what were the tombs of the Han dynasty like

A

underground with a large walled complex: buildings, gateways, observation towers and avenues

52
Q

What was the Qinming festival

A

people visited their ancestors graves
originated 7th century BCE
Confucius put great emphasis on it

53
Q

The Qin and Han emperors improved military reforms of the Warring States period
(what did they do)

A

permanent armies with professionally trained soilders, led by generals, who were promoted according to their abilities

54
Q

Han relied on __________ soilders so their permanent armies were much _______ than during the Qin dynasty

A

volunteers
smaller

55
Q

what were some of the key principals of Sunzi’s tactics

A

caculate chance of victory
avoid direct conflict
unity is essential in strength of the army
work out what the enemy is thinking
environment as a weapon
use spies

56
Q

armies mainly consisted of __________ and ___________ three man __________
with a driver, archer and solider wielding a _______

A

infantry (foot soldiers)
cavalry (soldiers on horseback)
chariot
halberd (bronze dagger mounted on a pole)

57
Q

Han Wudi imported _____________ to replace _______ ponies which gave them greater __________ and horses that could bear more ________ of the heavy ________ and __________

A

large horses
mongolian
speed
weight
armour
weaponry

58
Q

silk:

A

made by chinese but kept a secret
high value-curenncy

59
Q

silk road

A

major trading paths
han dynasty
provided travel through difficult and hot terranins
buddism spread because of it

60
Q

chinese merchants got great ________ from trading on the road and that _______ their status in society

A

wealth
improved

61
Q

what were the four great inventions that Ancient china made

A

printing
gunpowder
paper
compass

62
Q

Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine are both legacies for ancient china

A

just btw

63
Q

What did Han do about the importance of learning

A

re-established it after the burning of the books

64
Q

Chinese made ______-______ a method of __________ self defence which combined phyical exercise and training of the mind

A

tai-chi
unarmed

History (2 decks)

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