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Social Studies 8 > Medieval Europe > Flashcards

Medieval Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

Renaissance

A

A historical period that originated in Italy in teh 14th century (1300’s)
Known for revival of Classic art, architecture, literature and learning

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2
Q

Where did the word renaissance come from?

A

From the french word renaître meaning to be born again

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3
Q

What does the rebirth refer to?

A

A period of creativity based on the rediscovery of ancient greek and roman ways of thinking and the other groups teh europeans came into contact with

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4
Q

What did western europe ignore

A

Many ideas that were found in documents for nearly 100 years

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5
Q

How did they start to discover new ideas of thinking

A

From the muslim and jewish scholars that has written these classical documents

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6
Q

Feudalism

A

A political-economic-social system of land ownership which was in place in most of Europe and in the medieval ages

Based on land, loyalty and duty

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7
Q

The feudal Hierarchy

A
  1. King
  2. Nobles
  3. Knights
  4. Commoners (peasants)
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8
Q

How does feudalism work

A
  1. King or queen gives land to high ranking nobles for their service (army)
  2. The noble divides their land to give to lower ranking nobles for their service
  3. The lower ranking nobles give a portion of their land to the knights
  4. Serfs give their tax (part of their crops) to the knights which goes back up the pyramid
  5. If the king or queen go to war they summon all their nobles and knights as their army
    The king summons the nobles, nobles summon teh lower ranking nobles and so on creating an army
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9
Q

Life as a serf

A

Serfs weren’t allowed to leave the manor without the lords permission

For their loyalty nobles offered them protection from invaders

Serfs were not allowed to own weapons

Some (very few) peasants were freemen who rented land from the lord or worked for pay

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10
Q

Medieval women

A

Women were property of their fathers until married

After marriage they are property of their husbands

Expected to marry within their class and have children

Female serfs had slightly more freedom that noblewoman they could work alongside their husbands (most just had to survive)

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11
Q

What was the economy of the medieval period based on?

A

Agriculture

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12
Q

What were peasants houses made of?

A

Hay
Wood
Straw

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13
Q

Which building was made out of stone

A

Lords manor house

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14
Q

What was the church used for?

A

Prayer
Marriages
Keeping records

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15
Q

How were fields organized for crops?

A

Organized into longs strips to make plowing easier
The plows were difficult to turn

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16
Q

What was a glebe?

A

The land that each church owned

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17
Q

Tithe

A

Money or property given to the church as tax it would be 10% of your yearly income

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18
Q

Tithe barn

A

Where the church would collect the tithe (produce) from the farmers

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19
Q

What would the medieval people eat?

A

Based on their local climate and the plants and animals available to them

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20
Q

How were people choices dictated?

A

By their social status

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21
Q

Examples of foods the Serfs ate

A

Barley
Bread
Luxuries included:
Pork
Chicken
Cheese

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22
Q

Examples of foods the nobility ate

A

Wheat barley
Beef
Chicken
Pork
Wild game (deer, birds)

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23
Q

Where do towns revolve around?

A

Castles
Palaces
Monasteries

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24
Q

Describe how towns would look like?

A

Surrounded by stone walls
Crowded
Full of rats
Dirty
But they’re places that offer freedom and new opportunities

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25
What was a guild?
A production of Goods Production services Trade in the towns was organized by the guild
26
What did the guild do?
Controlled prices Set quality standards Decided if someone would be trained as an apprentice
27
Apprentice
Start at the age of 8 or 9 usually Parents would pay for training Trained 2-7 years Was not allowed to marry during training Required to obey master Lived with master and his family Progress to journeyman
28
Journeyman
Worked for master to earn salary Work 6 days a week Need to produce his finest work to become master Had to be accepted by guild to become master
29
Master
Owned his own shop Worked with other masters to protect their trade Sometimes served in civic government
30
Gaining wealth
When acquired skills and wealth in some places you have the opportunity to « move up » in society
31
New middle class
They formed new middle class that and not existed before
32
Breaking the hierarchy
This drive a wedge between the commoners and the knights which caused major problems
33
Sumptuary laws
Laws that restricted what people of certain classes could buy
34
Why were sumptuary laws created?
Because people were very interested in displaying their wealth through their Clothing Cosmetics Furniture Decorations Food
35
Who created the sumptuary laws?
The nobility
36
Monotheism
The belief in one god
37
What were the three major beliefs at the medieval period?
Christianity Islam Judaism
38
What were the origins of the three major beliefs at the medieval period?
Christianity: Jesus 1st century CE Jerusalem Islam: Mohammed 7th century CE Saudi Arabia Judaism: Abraham 15th century CE Israel
39
What are the top authority of the three major religions in the medieval period?
Christianity: Pope Islam: Kaliph Judaism: Rabbis
40
What were the holy books of the three major religions of teh medieval period?
Christianity: Bible Islam: Quran Judaism: Tanakh
41
What is the place of worship for the three major religions in teh medieval period?
Christianity: Church Islam: Mosque Judaism: Synagogue
42
Where was the largest population of the three major religions in the medieval period?
Christianity: Europe, Middle East, Euthopia Islam: Northern Africa, Middle East, Spain, Central Asia Judaism: Spain, Iraq, Poland
43
Medieval christians
Western Europe was very religious based on faith in the Roman Catholic Church Life was very hard in medieval times: Sickness, war, constant threat Hope for a better life after death Believe they go to heaven after death Both rich and poor gave tithe to the church hoping to be rewarded in teh afterlife
44
What was tithe mainly used for?
To expand influence and build thousands of churches across Europe
45
Medieval Islam
Centred mostly in Spain and Portugal Libraries and Universities were built and islamic Spain was a center of medieval learning
46
Medieval Judaism
Lived in both islamic and christian europe at the time Were a small minority Discrimination against was harsh They were banned from most professions and focused on academics, jewellers, physicians and money traders Forced to live in ghettos Removed from general population in cities
47
Who were the literate people in society?
The nobility and clergy
48
Why would the nobility and clergy not want the commoners to be literate?
Can only gain knowledge by what theyre told Can’t think for themselves
49
Clergy
People mainly men who worked for the church
50
Why was travel rare?
Expensive Difficult Serfs we’re not allowed to leave the manor without the lords permission
51
Who were the groups that travel was limited to?
1. People making religious pilgrimages 2. Knights for military expeditions 3. Merchants, Bankers, Messengers travelling for business purposes 4. Performers 5. Monarchs and high ranking nobility (King, Queens, Lords)
52
What was the center of the known world on the Psalter map?
Jerusalem Because Jesus lived and died there so it’s a holy place too
53
How did Abraham Ortelius map change worldview?
There’s more than just Europe, Asia and Africa Jerusalem isn’t the center Europe is the center
54
How did the Black plague start?
It’s originated in Central East Asia Reached Europe in 1347 through infected fleas and rats that travelled on cargo ships across the Mediterranean Sea Most fatal pandemic in human history with a death toll of over 25 million people
55
Bacteria of the Black plague
Called Yersinia Pestis
56
Common symptoms of the Black plague
Fever Chills Headache
57
Treatment of the Black plague
Modern antibiotics No vaccine
58
What are the 3 forms of the plague?
1. Bubonic 2. Pneumonic 3. Septicimic
59
What is the other word for the Black plague?
The Bubonic plague
60
What effects did the black plague have on society in Europe?
Serfs we’re released from the bonds to their land Increased Urbanization Commoners revolted against the nobility because of their frustrations and lack of help provided Entire families and communities were wiped out
61
What effects did the black plague have on the economy?
Severe labour shortages Nobles went bankrupt and had to rent or sell their land to serfs Shortage of available goods and services resulting in economic downturn
62
What effects did the black plague have on beliefs and values?
Some lost faith in religion and gods ability to help them Some became more religious thinking the plague was a punishment from god and they needed to cleanse themselves from sin
63
What effects did the black plague have on knowledge?
People had no knowledge of how diseases spread therefore couldn’t stop it Most peoples perception of why it started were based on superstition, racism and misunderstanding of anatomy and biology
64
What effects did the black plague have on geography?
Merchants still travelled spreading the plague further into Europe Starting from the Mediterranean Sea going further north into Europe

Social Studies 8 (9 decks)

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