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Social Studies 8 > Growth of Ideas > Flashcards

Growth of Ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

Renaissance

A

A period of time in history of Europe experienced the «rebirth» of classical knowledge and learning

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2
Q

Where did the renaissance start?

A

In the Italian city states

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3
Q

Humanist

A

A person who studies the interests, needs and welfare of humans

Humanists value the abilities and pontential of other humans

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4
Q

Who influenced the Humanists?

A

Humanists valued and studied and were inspired by the classical period in history

Valued and studied ancient Greek and Roman civilizations

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5
Q

What did the humanists believe in?

A
  1. Power of reason
  2. Open Mindedness
  3. Learning
  4. Multiple Talents
  5. Serving God
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6
Q

What did the power of reason mean for humanists?

A

They should think for themselves and find truth for themselves instead of accepting everything they’ve been told

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7
Q

What did open mindedness mean for humanists?

A

Should be open, curious and questioning

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8
Q

What did learning mean for humanists?

A

Humans can achieve great things through learning

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9
Q

What did multiple talents mean for humanists?

A

Humans should develop skills in different areas

Humans should develop their minds and bodies

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10
Q

What did serving god mean to the humanists?

A

Humans got their talents from god so they should use their talents to celebrate god

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11
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

Humanist

A philosopher who believed that the classical past was too more superior than the medieval world which he called «dark ages»

Collected old books and manuscripts

Made copies and translations of them to make available

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12
Q

Who would pay money for artists’ work?

A

They would pay large amounts of money

The wealthy patrons like

Merchants

Government officials

Catholic church

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13
Q

What would artists paint?

A

Since there were no photographs

Artists would paint loved ones and were commissioned to paint peoples loved ones

Displayed in private homes and public places

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14
Q

What is the difference between artists in the medieval times vs the renaissance?

A

In the medieval times they were skilled labourers but in the renaissance master artists

Artists would begin to sign the work to be recognized for their accomplishments

Medieval paintings were more unrealistic than renaissance paintings

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15
Q

In what areas did the humanist beliefs affect society?

A

Arts: huge resurgence of art
Science
Religion

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16
Q

What would renaissance paintings reflect?

A

Humanists ideals:

Beauty

Individuality

The present world

Realism

Nature

Human achievement

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17
Q

Who would collect the paintings made by artists?

A

The royalty and nobility

They would collect writings, paintings and sculptures

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18
Q

What added prestige to the courts of the renaissance?

A

The nobility and royalty would often invite artists to stay for a visit at court or as a permanent employee

This added prestige to their courts and attracted other important humanists looking for work

19
Q

In what ways did humanists change the worldview of science?

A

At the beginning of the renaissance people were discouraged from asking questions, studying the natural world and conducting experiments

After/ During the humanists people were encouraged to read more and ask questions and perform experiments

This rose the scientific method which promoted investigation and questioning minds

20
Q

Why did science not fit well with the church?

A

A lot of science went against the church

Results led to being burnt alive

Example: Galileo said the sun is the center of the earth, aristotle said that the earth is the center

21
Q

What is the scientific method?

A
  1. Identify a problem
  2. Gather information about the problem
  3. Form a hypothesis
  4. Experiment to test your hypothesis
  5. Analyze test results
  6. State a conclusion
  7. Repeat the process
22
Q

What did Copernicus change?

A

The earth wasn’t the center of the universe anymore

Galileo, Kepler and Copernicus proved that the sun is the center of the solar system

23
Q

What did Nicolaus Copernicus do?

A

He studied the ideas of ancient greek

He claimed that earth is a planet that revolves around the sun

24
Q

What did Johannes Kepler do?

A

He studied Copernicus ideas

He determined planets have an elliptical (oval) orbit not a perfect circular orbit

25
Q

What did Galileo Galilei do?

A

He built telescopes to study the objects in the sky

He was the first to see that Copernicus was right about a sun centered universe

He saw
Sun spots
Craters
Mountains in the moon
Stars
Moons of Jupiter

26
Q

How was the church before the renaissance?

A

They were the most powerful institution in Europe

Involved in all aspects of society

Many church leaders were very wealthy growing corrupt and abusive

Tension in the lower classes grew

27
Q

What happened to Savonarola?

A

He was a monk in Florence who accused the pope of being corrupt

He believed the wigs makeup and other nonsense were distractions keeping people away from god

He then held the Bonfire of the Vanities where people would burn their materials possessions (wigs, etc.)

Formed a council against the pope

The pope charged him of excommunication and heresy and was to be burned at the stake

28
Q

Excommunication

A

An official exclusion from the church

You weren’t allowed to participate in the church or go to church

Can’t go to heaven after death

29
Q

Heresy

A

Opposing church teachings

Would result in being killed

30
Q

What did Martin Luther do?

A

He was a german monk who used humanist thinking to examine the bible

He claimed that the bible should be the christian’s spiritual guide not the pope

Was against the church’s indulgences

31
Q

Indulgences

A

Certificates sold by the church for profit that reduced the amount of time your in pergetory

Basically buying your way out of hell

Reduced the amount of sins people would be punished for

32
Q

What did the pope do about Martin Luther?

A

He sent him a bull to stop what he’s doing which Luther burned

Martin was called to an Imperial Diet (court) to take back his complaints

Protestants took Martin into hiding

This movement was called the Protestant Reformation

33
Q

Bull

A

An official order from the pope

34
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther started it

His followers were called protestants

They would go against the teachings of the church

35
Q

Catholic counter reformation

A

The church lost a lot of people due to the protestant reformation

Pope called a series of meetings which the church examined its policies

36
Q

What was the result of the Catholic Counter Reformation

A

Corruption in the high clergy was taken care of

Priests were given better education

New religious orders were made resulting in missionaries like the Jesuits who would convert the First Nations in North America

37
Q

Why didn’t the gap between the rich and poor close in the Renaissance?

A

Most cities stayed monarchies

Most were still illiterate people

38
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johannesburg Gutenberg

39
Q

What year was the printing press made in?

A

1450

40
Q

Where was the printing press made in?

A

Mainz, Germany

41
Q

How did the printing press effect knowledge?

A

Literacy rates increased in the middle class in Europe

Books were translated and printed in multiple languages

42
Q

What effect did the printing press have on economy?

A

Book could be printed quicker making them affordable

Print shops were a new industry with new jobs

Authors could make money by writing and selling books

43
Q

What effect did the printing press have on society?

A

People in lower classes would become more educated if they could, joining the middle class

44
Q

What was it like before the printing press?

A

Only the rich and clergy could read and write

Books were usually written in Latin or Greek

Books were very expensive because they were copied by hand

Social Studies 8 (9 decks)

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