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CDI 2 > MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF IDENTIFICATION > Flashcards

MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF IDENTIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

is the recognition of an individuals determine, by characteristics which distinguish that individual from all others

A

IDENTIFICATION

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2
Q

IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFICATION OF PERSON

A
  1. To establish the identity of the offender and that of the victim in the prosecution of the criminal offense otherwise it will be a ground for the dismissal of the charge or acquittal of the accused.
  2. To identify a person missing or presumed dead in order to facilitate the settlement of the estate, retirement, insurance, and other social benefits. It vests on the heirs the right over the properties of the identified person.
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3
Q

RULES IN PERSONAL INDENTIFICATION

A
  1. The greater the number of points of similarities and dissimilarities of two persons compared, the greater
    is the probability for the conclusion to be correct.
  2. The value of the different points of identification varies in the formulation of conclusion.
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4
Q

It is known as the Law of Multiplicity of Evidence in Identification

A

PERSONAL INDENTIFICATION

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5
Q

Methods of Identification

A

BY COMPARISON; and
BY EXCLUSION

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6
Q

Identification criteria recovered during investigation are compared with records available in the file, or postmortem finding are compared with ante-mortem records.

A

BY COMPARISON

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7
Q

If two or more persons have identified and all but one is not yet identified, then the one whose identity has not been established may be known by the process of elimination.

A

BY EXCLUSION

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8
Q

ORDINARY METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION

A
  1. Characteristics which may easily be changed
  2. Characteristics that may not easily be changed:
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9
Q

Characteristics which may easily be changed

A

a. Growth of hair, beard or mustache
b. Clothing
c. Frequent place of visit
d. Grade of profession
e. Body ornamentations

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10
Q

This may easily be shaved or grown within a short time. Arrangement
may be changed artificial hair may be worn or ornamentation may be placed to change its natural condition.

A

Growth of hair, beard or mustache

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11
Q

A person may have special preference for certain form, texture, or style.

A

Clothing

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12
Q

A person may have a special desire or habit to be in a place if ever he has the opportunity to do so.

A

Frequent place of visit

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13
Q

A medical student of the upper clinical year may be recognized by the stethoscope, a graduate or student nurse by her cap, a mechanic by his tools, a clergyman by his robe, etc. A change of grade,
trade, vocation or profession may be resorted to as a means of concealing identity.

A

Grade of Profession

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14
Q

Earrings, necklaces, rings, pins, etc. ^-^usually worn by persons may be points to identify a person from the rest.

A

Body Ornamentations

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15
Q

Characteristics that may not easily be changed

A

a. Mental memory
b. Speech
c. Gait
d. Mannerism

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16
Q

A recollection of time, place and events may be a clue in identification. Remembering names, faces and subjects of common interest may be initiated during interview to see how knowledgeable a person is

A

MENTAL MEMORY

17
Q

A person may stammer, stutter or lisp. However, if the manner of talking is due to some physical
defects, like harelip and cleft palate, that have been corrected by surgery, there may be a change in his manner of speech

A

SPEECH

18
Q

It refers to the manner of walking and it may show in some person on account of disease or some inborn traits.

A

GAIT

19
Q

Forms of Gait

A
  1. Ataxic gait
  2. Cerebellar gait
  3. Cow’s gait
  4. Paretic gait
  5. Spastic gait
  6. Festinating gait
  7. Frog gait
  8. Waddling gait
20
Q

A gait in which the foot is raised high, thrown forward and brought down suddenly is seen in persons suffering from tabes dorsalis.

A

ATAXIC GAIT

21
Q

A gait associated with staggering movement is seen in cerebellar diseases

A

CEREBELLAR GAIT

22
Q

A swaying movement due to knock-knee

A

COW’S GAIT

23
Q

Gait in which the steps are short, the feet are dragged, and the legs are held more or less widely apart.

A

PARETIC GAIT

24
Q

A gait in which the legs are held together and move in a stiff manner and the toes dragged.

A

SPASTIC GAIT

25
Q

Involuntary movement in short accelerating steps

A

FESTINATING GAIT

26
Q

A hopping gait resulting from infantile paralysis

A

FROG GAIT

27
Q

Exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movement similar to the movement of the duck.

A

WADDLING GAIT

28
Q

the series of foot marks by a person walking or running. Examination of the gait includes the direction line, gait line, foot angle, principal angle and the length and breadth of the steps.

A

GAIT PATTERN

29
Q

GAIT PATTERN

A

a. Direction line
b. Gait line
c. Foot line
d. Foot angle
e. Principal angel
f. Length of step
g. Breadth of step

30
Q

Expresses the path of the individual.

A

Direction line

31
Q

The straight line connecting the center of the succeeding steps. It is more or less in zigzag fashion especially when the legs are far apart while walking. Stout, elderly people and those who want stability while walking have a more zigzag gait line.

A

Gait line

32
Q

The longitudinal line drawn on each foot mark. There may be a difference in the foot line of the left and right foot

A

Foot line

33
Q

The angle formed by the foot line and the direction line. In normal walking the foot angle is very characteristic of a person and cannot be altered immediately. However, it may be altered when a person is running, carrying a heavy weight or moving on a rugged terrain.

A

Foot angle

34
Q

The angle between the two succeeding foot angles

A

Principal angel

35
Q

When the distance between the center points in two successive heel prints of the two feet exceeds 40 inches, there is a strong presumption that the person is running.

A

Length of step

36
Q

The distance between the outer contours of two succeeding foot marks or steps.The more apart the legs are while walking, the greater is the breadth of the step

A

Breadth of step

37
Q

Stereotype movement or habit peculiar to an individual.

A

MANNERISM

38
Q

A form of neurosyphilis, which is a complication of late stage syphilis infection.

A

TABES DORSALIS

39
Q

A bacterial infection that spread sexually

A

SYPHILIS

CDI 2 (10 decks)

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